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Outline
To explore the characteristics of yield formation and root morphology changes of two super japonica rice varieties with excellent eating quality under water-saving irrigation, and lay the foundation for clarifying the characteristics of drought resistance and yield stability of rice varieties and the development of water-saving cultivation techniques.
Using Nanjing 5718 and Nanjing 3908 as materials, three irrigation approaches were adopted in 2023 and 2024: flooding irrigation (W0), mild intermittent irrigation (W1), and moderate intermittent irrigation (W2). The differences in leaf color, tiller number, plant height, dry matter accumulation and transportation, yield and its components, and root morphological and physiological parameters were compared, and the correlations between each trait and yield were analyzed.
Compared with W0, there was no significant change in yield and its components for Nanjing 5718 under W1, while the yield of Nanjing 3908 decreased by 15.3% and 12.5% over two years, respectively. Panicle number and thousand-grain weight were also significantly decreased. Under W2, yield and its components of both varieties significantly decreased, with an average decrease of yield of 9.4% for Nanjing 5718 and 21.3% for Nanjing 3908 in both years. The tiller number, fertile tiller rate, dry matter accumulation, output rate and translocation rate of the stems and leaves of both varieties under W2 were significantly reduced, with the highest output and transport rates in Nanjing 5718 under W1. The leaf SPAD values of both varieties decreased with the increase of water-saving degrees, especially in the late stage of grain filling. Compared with W0, the root morphology parameters of Nanjing 3908 significantly decreased under two water-saving patterns; however, only root tip number, root length, root diameter and root surface area of Nanjing 5718 were significantly decreased under W2. Correlation analysis showed that plant height, leaf color at the late grain-filling stage, root morphological parameters were significantly positively correlated with yield.
Nanjing 5718 could maintain high yield under water-saving irrigation and exhibited better water-saving effects, while Nanjing 3908 was more sensitive to water-saving irrigation and had a lower yield stability. Appropriate intermittent irrigation effectively maintained the stable yield of Nanjing 5718 by improving key indicators such as plant type, leaf color and root morphology of rice.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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