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Outline
The effects of different irrigation and straw returning combinations on rice yield and greenhouse gas emissions were studied to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for rice yield increase and greenhouse gas emission reduction.
Taking Yongyou 2640 and Nanjing 5718 as the test varieties, two irrigation methods were set up: conventional irrigation (CI), alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation (AWD), and three straw returning methods: no straw returning (S0), straw biochar application (SC), composted straw returning to the field combined with straw biochar (SS). The effects on rice yield, dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic potential, root activity and methane and nitrous oxide emission fluxes during the whole growth period were analyzed.
1) Compared with CI+S0, the AWD+SC and AWD+SS treatments significantly increased grain yield by 8.30%-13.90% and 18.55%-22.58%, respectively. Compared with S0 treatment, SC and SS significantly increased the effective panicle number and grain number per panicle, and AWD treatment significantly increased the grain number per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. 2) The increase in yield was mainly due to the significant increase of dry matter accumulation in underground and above-ground parts, net photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic potential of leaves, NSC transport in stem sheath and oxidizing power of roots. 3) SC significantly reduced methane and nitrous oxide emissions, while SS increased emissions, but AWD treatment significantly reduced methane emissions, thereby reducing the global warming potential and greenhouse gas emission intensity of rice fields.
The combination of straw returning technology (AWD+SC/SS) with alternating wet and dry irrigation can significantly improve the accumulation and transport of photosynthetic substances in rice, promote below-ground root growth, and achieve the dual goals of increasing rice yield and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in rice fields.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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