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Outline
Frequent extreme heat events pose a serious threat to rice production due to global warming. As a component of rice yield, increased grain weight is beneficial for further improvement of rice production. Grain weight exhibits high genetic stability; however, it often varies significantly in the same rice variety under different environmental and cultivation conditions, such as high temperature, fertilizer, and water management. Therefore, the increase and stability of grain weight are closely associated with stable rice production under extreme high temperatures. This work briefly describes the formation and regulation of rice grain weight, and reviews the underlying mechanisms of high-temperature-induced reduction in grain weight from the perspective of physiological and biochemical processes, including assimilate translocation, sugar metabolism, and hormonal changes. Additionally, cultivation management measures for mitigating high-temperature damage are summarized. Based on current research, the work also suggests possible future research directions regarding the effects of high temperature on grain weight in rice.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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