Article(id=1246531414057963920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, issueId=1246531406415941821, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2025.16.020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1738684800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1775125848544, onlineDateStr=2026-04-02, pubDate=1756310400000, pubDateStr=2025-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775125848544, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775125848544, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775125848544, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1246531406415941821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, year='2025', volume='41', issue='16', pageStart='2251', pageEnd='2400', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775125846723, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775125956861, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1246531868481446285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, issueId=1246531406415941821, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1246531868481446286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, issueId=1246531406415941821, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2363, endPage=2367, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1246531416280945122, articleId=1246531414057963920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, language=EN, title=Study status of HIF-1α signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy and Chinese medicine intervention, columnId=1246531408630534361, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a clinical syndrome in which diabetes leads to microvascular lesions and then glomerulosclerosis. In the progression of DKD, the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway is involved in the occurrence, development and pathological formation of DKD. Related studies have shown that the HIF-1α pathway is the most critical pathway for the treatment of DKD with traditional Chinese medicine. Among them, Chinese medicine monomers, Chinese medicine compounds, and Chinese patent medicines play a role in preventing interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis by regulating the HIF-1α pathway. Its mechanism is closely related to inflammation, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and ferroptosis. This article reviews the existing research results on the treatment of DKD with the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine in the HIF-1α pathway in recent years, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of DKD and the development of new drugs.

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糖尿病肾病(DKD)是一种糖尿病导致微血管病变进而肾小球硬化的临床综合征。在DKD的进展过程中,缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)信号通路参与DKD的发生、发展和病理形成。相关研究表明,HIF-1α通路是中药治疗DKD最关键的通路,其中中药单体、中药复方、中成药等通过调控HIF-1α途径从而发挥预防间质纤维化和肾小球硬化等作用,其机制主要与炎症、氧化应激、细胞凋亡、铁死亡等密切相关。本文就近年来中医药干预HIF-1α通路治疗DKD现有的研究成果进行综述,以期为DKD的防治及新药开发提供理论依据。

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史晓伟,主任医师,硕士研究生导师 MP:13893271255 E-mail:
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陈文英(1999-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事中西医结合防治内分泌疾病的相关研究

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Chin Med, 2024,19(1):31., articleTitle=SKP alleviates the ferroptosis in diabetic kidney disease through suppression of HIF-1α/HO-1 pathway based on network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246531426104005511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531414057963920, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=陆文敏, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陆文敏. 益肾降糖饮对气阴两虚夹瘀型糖尿病肾病Ⅳ期患者血清HIF-1α、TNF-α的影响[D]. 福建 福州:福建中医药大学,2016., articleTitle=益肾降糖饮对气阴两虚夹瘀型糖尿病肾病Ⅳ期患者血清HIF-1α、TNF-α的影响, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1246531421502853907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531414057963920, awardId=82360884, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(82360884), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1246531421590934296, 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HIF-1α信号通路在糖尿病肾病中的作用及中药干预的研究现状
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陈文英 1 , 周丁鹏 2 , 刘存蓉 1 , 何亚萍 1 , 刘娟 1 , 史晓伟 3
中国临床药理学杂志 | 综述 2025,41(16): 2363-2367
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中国临床药理学杂志 | 综述 2025, 41(16): 2363-2367
HIF-1α信号通路在糖尿病肾病中的作用及中药干预的研究现状
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陈文英1, 周丁鹏2, 刘存蓉1, 何亚萍1, 刘娟1, 史晓伟3
作者信息
  • 1.甘肃中医药大学,中医临床学院 甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 2.兰州石化总医院,泌尿外科 甘肃 兰州 730060
  • 3.甘肃省中医院,内分泌科 甘肃 兰州 730050
  • 陈文英(1999-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事中西医结合防治内分泌疾病的相关研究

通讯作者:

史晓伟,主任医师,硕士研究生导师 MP:13893271255 E-mail:
Study status of HIF-1α signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy and Chinese medicine intervention
Wen-ying CHEN1, Ding-peng ZHOU2, Cun-rong LIU1, Ya-ping HE1, Juan LIU1, Xiao-wei SHI3
Affiliations
  • 1.Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
  • 2.Department of Urology, Lanzhou Petrochemical General Hospital, Lanzhou 730060, Gansu Province, China
  • 3.Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
出版时间: 2025-08-28 doi: 10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2025.16.020
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糖尿病肾病(DKD)是一种糖尿病导致微血管病变进而肾小球硬化的临床综合征。在DKD的进展过程中,缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)信号通路参与DKD的发生、发展和病理形成。相关研究表明,HIF-1α通路是中药治疗DKD最关键的通路,其中中药单体、中药复方、中成药等通过调控HIF-1α途径从而发挥预防间质纤维化和肾小球硬化等作用,其机制主要与炎症、氧化应激、细胞凋亡、铁死亡等密切相关。本文就近年来中医药干预HIF-1α通路治疗DKD现有的研究成果进行综述,以期为DKD的防治及新药开发提供理论依据。

中医药  /  糖尿病肾病  /  缺氧诱导因子1α信号通路  /  肾纤维化

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a clinical syndrome in which diabetes leads to microvascular lesions and then glomerulosclerosis. In the progression of DKD, the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway is involved in the occurrence, development and pathological formation of DKD. Related studies have shown that the HIF-1α pathway is the most critical pathway for the treatment of DKD with traditional Chinese medicine. Among them, Chinese medicine monomers, Chinese medicine compounds, and Chinese patent medicines play a role in preventing interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis by regulating the HIF-1α pathway. Its mechanism is closely related to inflammation, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and ferroptosis. This article reviews the existing research results on the treatment of DKD with the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine in the HIF-1α pathway in recent years, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of DKD and the development of new drugs.

traditional Chinese medicine  /  diabetic kidney disease  /  hypoxia inducible factor-1α signal pathway  /  renal fibrosis
陈文英, 周丁鹏, 刘存蓉, 何亚萍, 刘娟, 史晓伟. HIF-1α信号通路在糖尿病肾病中的作用及中药干预的研究现状. 中国临床药理学杂志, 2025 , 41 (16) : 2363 -2367 . DOI: 10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2025.16.020
Wen-ying CHEN, Ding-peng ZHOU, Cun-rong LIU, Ya-ping HE, Juan LIU, Xiao-wei SHI. Study status of HIF-1α signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy and Chinese medicine intervention[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2025 , 41 (16) : 2363 -2367 . DOI: 10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2025.16.020
糖尿病肾病(diabetic kidney disease, DKD)是1型和2型糖尿病的常见并发症,主要特征表现为持续性蛋白尿、肾功能进行性下降。其发病率在全球范围内广泛增加[1]。目前控制血糖、血压及调节血脂等西医治疗方案不能完全延缓疾病进展。因此,深入研究DKD的发病机制,寻找精准诊断和早期个体化治疗的靶点和生物标志物已成为亟待解决的公共卫生问题。研究表明,DKD中存在氧缺乏,缺氧诱导因子1α(hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)信号传导可改善DKD的进展,尽管HIF-1α可能具有肾保护作用,但其在DKD中的确切机制尚未完全阐明[2]。近年研究证实,HIF-1α信号通路通过介导巨噬细胞糖酵解和极化,从而促进DKD炎症[3]。其也在中医药防治DKD中起到抗氧化应激及抗炎、抗细胞凋亡等重要作用。本文通过综述相关研究成果,以期为中医药防治HIF-1α信号通路的深入研究和相关中医药开发与应用提供新思路。
HIF-1是一种氧气调节的转录激活药[4]。由HIF-1α和HIF-1β 2个不同的亚基组成,其中HIF-1α为功能性亚基,在缺氧细胞中对基因表达至关重要[5]。在常氧条件下,HIF-1α亚基被脯氨酸羟化酶(prolyl hydroxylase, PHD)羟基化。羟基化亚基被肿瘤抑制因子E3连接酶(von hippel lindau,VHL)识别,并通过蛋白酶体途径诱导HIF降解。此外,抑制HIF的因子(factor inhibiting HIF,FIH)通过羟基化抑制HIF的转录活性。在缺氧条件下,PHD和FIH的下调诱导HIF-1α稳定并易位到细胞核中,HIF-1α附着在HIF-1β上。在细胞核中,HIF-α/β复合物与缺氧反应元件(hypoxia response element,HRE)结合并调节某些基因的转录[6]
HIF-1α调节多种基因的表达,包括编码血管生成细胞因子的基因表达,如血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、血小板衍生生长因子(platelet derived growth factors, PDGFs)和血管生成素1(angiopoietin-1,ANGPT1)[7]。HIF-1α还具有广泛的靶基因,其功能是控制多种信号通路,包括细胞代谢、血管生成、转移及肝细胞癌肿瘤的其他特性[8]。也有研究表示,HIF-1α似乎在控制细胞存活、葡萄糖代谢和转运以及代谢适应方面发挥重要作用[9]
临床上,DKD的发病机制多样化,目前众多研究一致认为HIF-1α信号通路是导致DKD的关键病理机制。LI等[10]研究发现,表皮生长因子受体激活介导HIF-1α激活,随后诱导异常糖酵解,最终促进DKD肾纤维化。王影等[11]研究表明,HIF-1α在DKD中与脂质代谢有关。即糖尿病时肾小管上皮细胞HIF-1α活化,活化后的HIF-1α通过上调胆固醇合成及摄取破坏细胞胆固醇稳态,导致脂滴在细胞中过多沉积,从而促进DKD的进展。所以,HIF-1α通路的活化认为是导致DKD发生的主要因素之一[11]。因此,如何下调HIF-1α通路的信号传导,从而延缓DKD的进程值得深入研究。
中医学中DKD属于“水肿、关格、尿浊”等范畴,中医以整体观、辨证论治、态靶结合为特点,在临床实践中对DKD的诊治发挥了独特的作用[12]。现今诸多医家运用以补益肾气、养阴生津、祛痰降浊、活血化瘀为目的的中药方剂减轻糖尿病肾病带来的负面影响,达到抗炎、改善肾功能,延缓DKD病程的效果[13]。中医学通过多成分、多靶点、多通路治疗疾病,并且中药药效持久、药物不良反应小,在临床上可以弥补西药不足。DKD中HIF-1α通路是一条关键转录因子通路,中医药通过该通路治疗DKD可能是预防肾小球硬化和间质纤维化的潜在治疗靶点。
半枝莲总黄酮是半枝莲提取物中的主要活性成分,具有抗炎、抗氧化、免疫调节及抗致突变的作用,尤其对氧自由基的具有一定的清除作用[14]。闫东等[15]研究发现,半枝莲总黄酮可以明显降低小鼠肾足细胞HIF-1α、SMAD家族成员4(SMAD family member 4,Smad4)、M2型丙酮酸激酶(pyruvate kinase M2,PKM2)蛋白表达水平(分别由0.73±0.02、0.92±0.03、0.76±0.06降至0.39±0.02、0.49±0.03、0.24±0.03),降低白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)与单核细胞趋化蛋白1(monocyte chemotactic protein-1,MCP-1)的表达水平[模型组分别为(90.99±5.50)pg·mL-1、(294.39±5.32)pg·mL-1、(25.16±1.32) pg·mL-1;治疗组分别为(32.76±3.04)pg·mL-1、(125.59±5.88)pg·mL-1、(13.21±0.38) pg·mL-1],降低细胞凋亡率[由(13.25±1.04)%降至(9.36±0.08)%]。表明半枝莲经总黄酮能够改善由高糖诱导的足细胞损伤,促进足细胞线粒体活性并诱导糖酵解,进而抑制炎症的分泌。说明其作用机制是可能与抑制Smad4/PKM2/HIF-1α信号通路活化有关。
白藜芦醇(resveratrol,Res)是虎杖的主要活性成分。庞天舒等[16]用股静脉注射碘海醇法建立糖尿病大鼠肾损伤模型,给予白藜芦醇治疗后可以明显降低DKD大鼠HIF-1α蛋白和mRNA表达水平(分别由0.81±0.030、0.83±0.034降至0.26±0.038、0.42±0.046),降低血清肌酸酐(serum creatinine, SCr)、尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN)含量[分别由(116.49±14.33)μmol·L-1、(26.71±1.76)mmol·L-1降至(78.42±11.19)μmol·L-1、(10.27±2.12)mmol·L-1],提示Res调控HIF-1α通路进而抑制肾小管上皮细胞凋亡,可以明显改善大鼠肾损伤。
苦瓜总皂苷是苦瓜的主要活性成分。陈伟等[17]通过结扎并摘除左肾蒂,注射青霉素的方式建立DKD大鼠模型。结果表明苦瓜总皂苷可以明显降低大鼠HIF-1α蛋白相对表达(由1.52±0.28降至1.04±0.24),降低大鼠24 h蛋白尿量、血清SCr含量[模型组(55.62±13.38)mg·d-1、(126.65±17.72) μmol·L-1,治疗组(34.23±5.57)mg·d-1、(68.82±6.54)mg·d-1],提高血白蛋白含量[由(12.56±6.87)g·L-1提高至(25.67±3.37) g·L-1]。提示HIF-1α异常表达增高可导致肾缺氧及促进肾组织中新生血管生成造成大量蛋白尿,结果表明苦瓜总皂苷可能通过抑制HIF-1α通路进而改善大鼠肾损害。
由此可知,黄酮类、皂苷类、酚类、苯丙素类及糖类等各类中药活性成分均可能通过调节HIF-1α通路及其相关因子从而防治DKD。
中药提取物皆可调节HIF-1α通路及其相关因子防治DKD。其中主要包括甘草查尔酮A、当归红芪超滤膜提取物、白皮杉醇等。
LUO等[18]研究证实,甘草查尔酮A (licocha lconeA,LicA)是一种在甘草中提取的类黄酮,可降低血糖、血脂和改善胰岛素抵抗。可能通过显著下调血清转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-β1, TGF-β1)、HIF-1α蛋白表达实现。为LicA的进一步开发利用提供了理论依据。张小琳等[19]研究发现,当归红芪超滤膜提取物降低DKD大鼠HIF-1α蛋白表达,降低血清SCr、BUN含量[模型组分别为(54.24±0.82) μmol·L-1、(48.88±3.17)mmol·L-1,高浓度药物组分别为(37.03±2.80)μmol·L-1、(24.90±1.78)mmol·L-1],进而改善肾纤维化程度,其机制可能与抑制肾缺氧介导的HIF-1α信号通路引起的细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)沉积有关。
白皮杉醇(piceatannol,PIC)是一种主要来源于于虎杖、桑椹等中草药的中药提取物,有清除自由基,抗炎、抗细胞凋亡等多种药理学活性[20]。宋玮等[21]研究发现,低、中、高浓度(50、100、200 mg·kg-1)PIC降低DKD大鼠的HIF-1α蛋白表达水平(模型组3.26±0.24、药物组分别为2.27±0.18、1.58±0.13、0.65±0.06)。降低SCr含量[模型组(4 366.75±265.84)μmol·L-1、药物组分别为(3 953.89±225.07)、(3 546.21±214.43)、(3 135.49±203.26)μmol·L-1],降低BUN含量[模型组(13.35±1.46)mmol·L-1、药物组分别为(10.81±1.24)、(8.73±1.03)、(7.46±0.61) mmol·L-1]。结果表明,PIC可通过抑制HIF-1α蛋白表达提高其抗氧化能力减轻DKD大鼠的肾损伤和纤维化。
目前中成药调控HIF-1α通路影响DKD的研究较少。其中中成药主要包括益肾胶囊、复方丹参滴丸等。
HU等[22]研究表明,益肾胶囊治疗DN的作用机制具有多组分、多靶点、多途径的特点。通过实验证实益肾胶囊可干扰HIF-1α信号通路,减轻糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织的炎症和纤维化损伤。陈频等[23]研究表明,复方丹参滴丸可以明显降低DKD大鼠HIF-1α蛋白表达水平(由0.46±0.02降至0.23±0.03),明显降低血清SCr、BUN、24 h 尿白蛋白排泄率(urinary albumin excretion rate, UA1b)含量[分别由(51.29±2.69)μmol·L-1、(10.79±0.78) mmol·L-1、(1 780.64±210.32)μg·24 h-1降至(38.89±2.23)μmol·L-1、(8.29±0.27) mmol·L-1、(940.49±237.26)μg·24 h-1],提高血清中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活力[由(126.98±5.80)U·mg-1提高至(148.78±5.59)U·mg-1]、降低丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量[由(8.94±0.43)nmol·mL-1降至(5.83±0.11)nmol·mL-1],提示复方丹参滴丸可调节糖尿病大鼠的糖脂代谢,推测其中可能的机制为调控HIF-1α通路抑制氧化应激等过程相关。
目前,中药复方调控HIF-1α通路影响DKD的研究最为广泛。其中主要以芪地糖肾方、糖肾胃宁方、金禅益肾通络方、消瘀泄浊饮、肾康丸、益肾降糖饮等。
高飞等[24]研究表明,芪地糖肾方干预后DKD小鼠肾组织HIF-1α蛋白表达水平降低(由0.16±0.04降至0.07±0.02),同时降低高糖诱导的小鼠足细胞HIF-1α蛋白表达水平药物组为(高糖组0.23±0.05、药物组0.08±0.02),证明芪地糖肾方可能通过控制HIF-1α通路的表达,进而减轻足细胞损伤和改善肾病理损伤。
CHANG等[25]研究证实,糖肾胃宁方通过沉默信息调节因子2相关酶1(silent matingty peinformation regulation 2 homolog 1,SIR T1)/HIF-1α途径改善糖尿病小鼠肾足细胞损伤,从而减轻DKD。傅兰君等[26]研究表明,消瘀泄浊饮能降低DKD小鼠尿蛋白含量,改善肾功能及肾结构病变,抑制足细胞凋亡。其可能通过调节HIF1α通路表达发挥作用。
YAN等[27]研究发现,肾康丸具有降低DKD小鼠空腹血糖、增强肾功能和减轻肾纤维化的潜力。可能是通过抑制HIF-1α/血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)信号通路来缓解铁死亡,从而减少肾损伤。陆文敏等[28]研究发现,DKD患者经益肾降糖饮治疗后,可显著降低患者血清HIF-1α含量(由519.37±44.63降至393.81±56.09),明显降低患者血清SCr、BUN、尿蛋白排泄率(urine albumin excretion rate,UAER)含量[分别由(98.24±15.22)μmol·L-1、(7.82±1.77)mmol·L-1、(530.37±156.61)mg·24 h-1降至(85.21±13.26)μmol·L-1、(6.85±2.03) mmol·L-1、(355.53±103.71)mg·24 h-1]。说明益肾降糖饮保护肾组织缺氧、改善肾功能可能通过调控HIF-1α信号通路实现。
中医药为防治DKD提供了新的思路。本文通过归纳总结近年来有关中医药防治DKD的文献,其中中药活性成分主要存在于以甘草、半枝莲、苦瓜等为代表的清热解毒、散瘀类药物之中。中药提取物中主要是白皮杉醇、当归红芪超滤膜提取物等具有活血化瘀、解毒等功效的药物研究为主。复方和中成药的研究较为广泛,组方具有补肾清络、活血解毒的功效。与中医DKD“浊毒内蕴继而损伤肾络”的病因病机具有一致性。复方和中成药中中药成分之间可以协同增效,应用广泛,安全性高,但药用成分繁多,作用靶点复杂,难于精准化和深入分析。中药活性成分和提取物是防治DKD新药研发的最新领域,但受到提取分离技术的影响。HIF-1α信号通路与DKD密切相关,文中梳理了中药活性成分、中药提取物、中成药及中药复方等调控HIF-1α信号通路防治DKD的研究,明确了中医药调控HIF-1α信号通路的重要性,后续研究应从多角度入手探讨中医药调控HIF-1α信号通路在DKD中更深层次的作用机制,同时目前中医药治疗DKD的研究局限于动物和细胞实验,对于临床涉及较少,在临床上的应用效果仍有待讨论,应在中医理论的指导下开展多样本临床研究,使之安全、高疗效应用于临床。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82360884)
  • 甘肃省科协青年科技人才托举工程基金资助项目(GXH202026-11)
  • 甘肃省中医药管理局中医药防治重大疾病科研课题基金资助项目(GZKZD-2018-01)
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2025年第41卷第16期
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doi: 10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2025.16.020
  • 接收时间:2025-02-05
  • 首发时间:2026-04-02
  • 出版时间:2025-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-05
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82360884)
甘肃省科协青年科技人才托举工程基金资助项目(GXH202026-11)
甘肃省中医药管理局中医药防治重大疾病科研课题基金资助项目(GZKZD-2018-01)
作者信息
    1.甘肃中医药大学,中医临床学院 甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.兰州石化总医院,泌尿外科 甘肃 兰州 730060
    3.甘肃省中医院,内分泌科 甘肃 兰州 730050

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史晓伟,主任医师,硕士研究生导师 MP:13893271255 E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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