Article(id=1246531412476711231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, issueId=1246531406415941821, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2025.16.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736697600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1775125848168, onlineDateStr=2026-04-02, pubDate=1756310400000, pubDateStr=2025-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775125848168, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775125848167, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775125848167, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1246531406415941821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, year='2025', volume='41', issue='16', pageStart='2251', pageEnd='2400', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775125846723, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775125956861, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1246531868481446285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, issueId=1246531406415941821, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1246531868481446286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, issueId=1246531406415941821, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2293, endPage=2298, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1246531412870975826, articleId=1246531412476711231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, language=EN, title=Research of inhibitory effect of emodin on chemotherapy resistance in human leukemia K562/adriamycin-resistant cells, columnId=1246531407326105792, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, columnName=Clinical and Basic Bridging Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the effect of emodin (Emo) on chemotherapy resistance of human leukemia K562/adriamycin-resistant (K562/ADR) cells and its mechanism.

Methods

K562/ADR cells were assigned to control group and experimental -L, -M, -H groups. Experimental -L, -M, -H groups were incubated with Emo at concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 μmol·L-1, respectively. Control group was treated with 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect the effect of Emo on chemotherapy resistance in K562/ADR cells. Fluorescence analysis was used to detect the intracellular accumulation of adriamycin. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression level of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In addition, Western blot was used to detect the protein expression level of P-gp and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway related proteins.

Results

The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of K562/ADR cells to adriamycin in experimental -M, -H groups and control group were (20.91±2.03), (11.79±0.89) and (38.00±2.61) μg·ml-1; the intracellular adriamycin-associated mean fluorescence intensities (×104) were (5.22±0.66), (7.47±0.77) and (2.69±0.69); the proportions of G0/G1 phase cells were (37.81±3.47)%, (28.05±2.86)% and (51.18±5.06)%; the proportions of S phase cells were (19.89±2.98)%, (15.24±2.21)% and (32.15±3.20)%; the proportions of G2/M phase cells were (40.65±3.33)%, (55.75±4.55)% and (13.63±2.29)%; the cell apoptosis rates at 48 hours were (39.91±3.51)%, (46.26±4.06)% and (21.45±1.92)%; the relative expression levels of P-gp mRNA were 68.10±9.61, 31.01±8.90 and 100.00±12.22; the relative expression levels of P-gp protein were 77.01±8.31, 63.65±7.72 and 100.00±7.07; the relative expression levels of p65 (RelA/p65) in nucleus were 126.10±8.17, 157.58±11.87 and 100.00±8.55; the relative expression levels of phosphorylated-inhibitor of nuclear factor κB protein α (p-IκBα) in cytoplasm were 132.45±13.46, 150.97±9.47 and 100.00±7.35; the relative expression levels of IκBα in cytoplasm were 82.10±5.95, 73.20±6.39 and 100.00±5.84; the relative expression levels of phosphorylated-inhibitor of kappa B kinase α/β (p-IKKα/β) in cytoplasm were 126.23±6.63, 120.61±7.70 and 100.00±7.96, respectively. Compared the above indexes of the experimental -M and experimental -H groups with those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Emo can inhibit adriamycin chemotherapy resistance in K562/ADR cells by activating the NF-κB pathway and subsequently down-regulating the expression of P-gp.

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目的

研究大黄素(Emo)对人白血病K562/阿霉素耐药(K562/ADR)细胞化疗耐药性的影响及其机制。

方法

将K562/ADR细胞分为低、中、高剂量实验组和对照组。低、中、高剂量实验组分别用5、10、20 μmol·L-1大黄素处理;对照组细胞则用0.1%二甲基亚砜处理。用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测大黄素对K562/ADR细胞化疗耐药影响,以荧光分析法检测大黄素对K562/ADR细胞内阿霉素蓄积的影响,用流式细胞术分析大黄素处理后K562/ADR细胞凋亡水平和细胞周期分布特征,用聚合酶链反应检测大黄素对K562/ADR细胞中P-糖蛋白(P-gp)mRNA表达水平的影响,以蛋白质印迹技术分析大黄素处理后K562/ADR细胞内P-gp及核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路关键蛋白的表达变化。

结果

中、高剂量实验组和对照组的半数抑制浓度(IC50)值分别为(20.91±2.03)、(11.79±0.89)和(38.00±2.61)μg·mL-1,细胞内阿霉素的平均荧光强度(×104)分别为(5.22±0.66)、(7.47±0.77)和(2.69±0.69),G0/G1期细胞量占比分别为(37.81±3.47)%、(28.05±2.86)%和(51.18±5.06)%,S期细胞量占比分别为(19.89±2.98)%、(15.24±2.21)%和(32.15±3.20)%,G2/M期细胞量占比分别为(40.65±3.33)%、(55.75±4.55)%和(13.63±2.29)%,48 h细胞凋亡率分别为(39.91±3.51)%、(46.26±4.06)%和(21.45±1.92)%,P-gp mRNA相对表达水平分别为68.10±9.61、31.01±8.90和100.00±12.22,P-gp蛋白相对表达水平分别为77.01±8.31、63.65±7.72和100.00±7.07,细胞核内p65(RelA/p65)相对蛋白表达水平分别为126.10±8.17、157.58±11.87和100.00±8.55,磷酸化核因子-kappa B抑制蛋白α(p-IκBα)相对蛋白表达水平分别为132.45±13.46、150.97±9.47和100.00±7.35,IκBα相对蛋白表达水平分别为82.10±5.95、73.20±6.39和100.00±5.84,细胞质中磷酸化-核因子-kappa B抑制蛋白激酶α/β(p-IKKα/β)相对蛋白水平分别为126.23±6.63、120.61±7.70和100.00±7.96。中、高剂量实验组上述指标与对照组比较,在统计学上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001)。

结论

大黄素可通过激活K562/ADR细胞中NF-κB通路,下调细胞内P-gp的表达水平,进而抑制人白血病K562/ADR细胞的阿霉素化疗耐药。

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黎玉华,教授,硕士生导师 MP:13755755853 E-mail:
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江洁(1986-),女,主管药师,主要从事临床药理的相关研究

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江洁(1986-),女,主管药师,主要从事临床药理的相关研究

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江洁(1986-),女,主管药师,主要从事临床药理的相关研究

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Int J Biol Sci, 2022, 18(8): 3498-3527., articleTitle=The versatile emodin: A natural easily acquired anthraquinone possesses promising anticancer properties against a variety of cancers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246531426175308677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531412476711231, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=23, issue=06, pageStart=1556, pageEnd=1559, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=郑合勇, 林武强, 胡建达, journalName=中国实验血液学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑合勇,林武强,胡建达,. 大黄素可能通过Akt-Caspase 3信号通路诱导K562/Adr细胞凋亡 [J]. 中国实验血液学杂志, 2015, 23(06): 1556-1559., articleTitle=大黄素可能通过Akt-Caspase 3信号通路诱导K562/Adr细胞凋亡, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246531426267583369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531412476711231, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=281, issue=26, pageStart=17882, pageEnd=17889, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=GU X S, KE S, LIU D, journalName=J Biol Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GU X S, KE S, LIU D, et al. 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A:Control group;B,C,D:Experimental-L, M, H group, respectively.

, figureFileSmall=K2ataEeMXa5QkOU1WkwmvA==, figureFileBig=hB3S7eJ8VntYyMneL7V8vQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246531422144582448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531412476711231, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of effects of emodin (Emo) on the sensitivity of K562/ADR cells toward adriamycin (Adr)(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupDose
(μmol·L-1)
nIC50
(μg·mL-1)
Reversal fold
Control-938.00±2.61-
Experimental -L5928.77±3.22*1.32
Experimental -M10920.91±2.03***1.82
Experimental -H20911.79±0.89***3.22
), ArticleFig(id=1246531422207497013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531412476711231, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

大黄素(Emo)对不同组别K562/ADR细胞阿霉素(Adr)敏感性的影响的比较(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupDose
(μmol·L-1)
nIC50
(μg·mL-1)
Reversal fold
Control-938.00±2.61-
Experimental -L5928.77±3.22*1.32
Experimental -M10920.91±2.03***1.82
Experimental -H20911.79±0.89***3.22
), ArticleFig(id=1246531422303966010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531412476711231, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of Emo on cell cycle and apoptosis of K562/ADR cells(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupG0/G1 phase(%)S phase (%)G2/M phase (%)Apoptosis rate(%)
12 h24 h48 h
Control51.18±5.0632.15±3.2013.63±2.297.66±1.0316.69±2.9721.45±1.92
Experimental -L45.62±4.2826.85±3.2324.99±2.47**12.58±2.39*22.04±3.0226.44±3.56
Experimental -M37.81±3.47*19.89±2.98**40.65±3.33***26.90±3.89**31.84±4.80*39.91±3.51**
Experimental -H28.05±2.86**15.24±2.21***55.75±4.55***34.52±3.03***41.89±4.73**46.26±4.06***
), ArticleFig(id=1246531422387852093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531412476711231, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Emo对K562/ADR细胞周期分布和细胞凋亡的影响(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupG0/G1 phase(%)S phase (%)G2/M phase (%)Apoptosis rate(%)
12 h24 h48 h
Control51.18±5.0632.15±3.2013.63±2.297.66±1.0316.69±2.9721.45±1.92
Experimental -L45.62±4.2826.85±3.2324.99±2.47**12.58±2.39*22.04±3.0226.44±3.56
Experimental -M37.81±3.47*19.89±2.98**40.65±3.33***26.90±3.89**31.84±4.80*39.91±3.51**
Experimental -H28.05±2.86**15.24±2.21***55.75±4.55***34.52±3.03***41.89±4.73**46.26±4.06***
), ArticleFig(id=1246531422484321087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531412476711231, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of effects of Emo on the mRNA and protein expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in K562/ADR cells(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupP-gp mRNAP-gp protein
Control100.00±12.22100.00±7.07
Experimental -L79.18±7.02*90.34±7.57
Experimental -M68.10±9.61**77.01±8.31**
Experimental -H31.01±8.90***63.65±7.72***
), ArticleFig(id=1246531422589178690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531412476711231, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Emo对不同K562/ADR细胞中P-糖蛋白(P-gp)mRNA和蛋白表达水平影响的比较(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupP-gp mRNAP-gp protein
Control100.00±12.22100.00±7.07
Experimental -L79.18±7.02*90.34±7.57
Experimental -M68.10±9.61**77.01±8.31**
Experimental -H31.01±8.90***63.65±7.72***
), ArticleFig(id=1246531424145265477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531412476711231, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effect of Emo on the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) signaling pathway in K562/ADR cells(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupRelA (p65)p-IKKα/βp-IκBαIκBα
Control100.00±8.55100.00±7.96100.00±7.35100.00±5.84
Experimental -L106.61±5.66122.19±8.88*106.25±12.9493.48±6.64
Experimental -M126.10±8.17*126.23±6.63*132.45±13.46*82.10±5.95*
Experimental -H157.58±11.87**120.61±7.70*150.97±9.47**73.20±6.39**
), ArticleFig(id=1246531424258511689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531412476711231, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

Emo对K562/ADR细胞内核因子-κB(NF-κB)通路相关蛋白表达的影响(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupRelA (p65)p-IKKα/βp-IκBαIκBα
Control100.00±8.55100.00±7.96100.00±7.35100.00±5.84
Experimental -L106.61±5.66122.19±8.88*106.25±12.9493.48±6.64
Experimental -M126.10±8.17*126.23±6.63*132.45±13.46*82.10±5.95*
Experimental -H157.58±11.87**120.61±7.70*150.97±9.47**73.20±6.39**
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大黄素抑制人白血病K562/阿霉素耐药细胞化疗耐药作用的研究
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江洁 1 , 郭文雅 2 , 刘静萱 2 , 高霄飞 2 , 张小丽 2 , 姚丽华 2 , 黎玉华 2
中国临床药理学杂志 | 临床与基础桥接研究 2025,41(16): 2293-2298
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中国临床药理学杂志 | 临床与基础桥接研究 2025, 41(16): 2293-2298
大黄素抑制人白血病K562/阿霉素耐药细胞化疗耐药作用的研究
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江洁1, 郭文雅2, 刘静萱2, 高霄飞2, 张小丽2, 姚丽华2, 黎玉华2
作者信息
  • 1.南昌大学 第一附属医院 高新医院 药剂科,江西 南昌 330012
  • 2.江西科技师范大学 生命科学学院,江西 南昌 330013
  • 江洁(1986-),女,主管药师,主要从事临床药理的相关研究

通讯作者:

黎玉华,教授,硕士生导师 MP:13755755853 E-mail:
Research of inhibitory effect of emodin on chemotherapy resistance in human leukemia K562/adriamycin-resistant cells
Jie JIANG1, Wen-ya GUO2, Jing-xuan LIU2, Xiao-fei GAO2, Xiao-li ZHANG2, Li-hua YAO2, Yu-hua LI2
Affiliations
  • 1.Department of Pharmacy, Gaoxin Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330012, Jiangxi Province, China
  • 2.School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi Province, China
出版时间: 2025-08-28 doi: 10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2025.16.008
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目的

研究大黄素(Emo)对人白血病K562/阿霉素耐药(K562/ADR)细胞化疗耐药性的影响及其机制。

方法

将K562/ADR细胞分为低、中、高剂量实验组和对照组。低、中、高剂量实验组分别用5、10、20 μmol·L-1大黄素处理;对照组细胞则用0.1%二甲基亚砜处理。用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测大黄素对K562/ADR细胞化疗耐药影响,以荧光分析法检测大黄素对K562/ADR细胞内阿霉素蓄积的影响,用流式细胞术分析大黄素处理后K562/ADR细胞凋亡水平和细胞周期分布特征,用聚合酶链反应检测大黄素对K562/ADR细胞中P-糖蛋白(P-gp)mRNA表达水平的影响,以蛋白质印迹技术分析大黄素处理后K562/ADR细胞内P-gp及核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路关键蛋白的表达变化。

结果

中、高剂量实验组和对照组的半数抑制浓度(IC50)值分别为(20.91±2.03)、(11.79±0.89)和(38.00±2.61)μg·mL-1,细胞内阿霉素的平均荧光强度(×104)分别为(5.22±0.66)、(7.47±0.77)和(2.69±0.69),G0/G1期细胞量占比分别为(37.81±3.47)%、(28.05±2.86)%和(51.18±5.06)%,S期细胞量占比分别为(19.89±2.98)%、(15.24±2.21)%和(32.15±3.20)%,G2/M期细胞量占比分别为(40.65±3.33)%、(55.75±4.55)%和(13.63±2.29)%,48 h细胞凋亡率分别为(39.91±3.51)%、(46.26±4.06)%和(21.45±1.92)%,P-gp mRNA相对表达水平分别为68.10±9.61、31.01±8.90和100.00±12.22,P-gp蛋白相对表达水平分别为77.01±8.31、63.65±7.72和100.00±7.07,细胞核内p65(RelA/p65)相对蛋白表达水平分别为126.10±8.17、157.58±11.87和100.00±8.55,磷酸化核因子-kappa B抑制蛋白α(p-IκBα)相对蛋白表达水平分别为132.45±13.46、150.97±9.47和100.00±7.35,IκBα相对蛋白表达水平分别为82.10±5.95、73.20±6.39和100.00±5.84,细胞质中磷酸化-核因子-kappa B抑制蛋白激酶α/β(p-IKKα/β)相对蛋白水平分别为126.23±6.63、120.61±7.70和100.00±7.96。中、高剂量实验组上述指标与对照组比较,在统计学上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001)。

结论

大黄素可通过激活K562/ADR细胞中NF-κB通路,下调细胞内P-gp的表达水平,进而抑制人白血病K562/ADR细胞的阿霉素化疗耐药。

大黄素  /  K562/阿霉素耐药细胞  /  核因子-κB  /  化疗耐药  /  P-糖蛋白
Objective

To investigate the effect of emodin (Emo) on chemotherapy resistance of human leukemia K562/adriamycin-resistant (K562/ADR) cells and its mechanism.

Methods

K562/ADR cells were assigned to control group and experimental -L, -M, -H groups. Experimental -L, -M, -H groups were incubated with Emo at concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 μmol·L-1, respectively. Control group was treated with 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect the effect of Emo on chemotherapy resistance in K562/ADR cells. Fluorescence analysis was used to detect the intracellular accumulation of adriamycin. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression level of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In addition, Western blot was used to detect the protein expression level of P-gp and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway related proteins.

Results

The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of K562/ADR cells to adriamycin in experimental -M, -H groups and control group were (20.91±2.03), (11.79±0.89) and (38.00±2.61) μg·ml-1; the intracellular adriamycin-associated mean fluorescence intensities (×104) were (5.22±0.66), (7.47±0.77) and (2.69±0.69); the proportions of G0/G1 phase cells were (37.81±3.47)%, (28.05±2.86)% and (51.18±5.06)%; the proportions of S phase cells were (19.89±2.98)%, (15.24±2.21)% and (32.15±3.20)%; the proportions of G2/M phase cells were (40.65±3.33)%, (55.75±4.55)% and (13.63±2.29)%; the cell apoptosis rates at 48 hours were (39.91±3.51)%, (46.26±4.06)% and (21.45±1.92)%; the relative expression levels of P-gp mRNA were 68.10±9.61, 31.01±8.90 and 100.00±12.22; the relative expression levels of P-gp protein were 77.01±8.31, 63.65±7.72 and 100.00±7.07; the relative expression levels of p65 (RelA/p65) in nucleus were 126.10±8.17, 157.58±11.87 and 100.00±8.55; the relative expression levels of phosphorylated-inhibitor of nuclear factor κB protein α (p-IκBα) in cytoplasm were 132.45±13.46, 150.97±9.47 and 100.00±7.35; the relative expression levels of IκBα in cytoplasm were 82.10±5.95, 73.20±6.39 and 100.00±5.84; the relative expression levels of phosphorylated-inhibitor of kappa B kinase α/β (p-IKKα/β) in cytoplasm were 126.23±6.63, 120.61±7.70 and 100.00±7.96, respectively. Compared the above indexes of the experimental -M and experimental -H groups with those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Emo can inhibit adriamycin chemotherapy resistance in K562/ADR cells by activating the NF-κB pathway and subsequently down-regulating the expression of P-gp.

emodin  /  K562/adriamycin-resistant cells  /  nuclear factor-kappa B  /  chemotherapy resistance  /  P-glycoprotein
江洁, 郭文雅, 刘静萱, 高霄飞, 张小丽, 姚丽华, 黎玉华. 大黄素抑制人白血病K562/阿霉素耐药细胞化疗耐药作用的研究. 中国临床药理学杂志, 2025 , 41 (16) : 2293 -2298 . DOI: 10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2025.16.008
Jie JIANG, Wen-ya GUO, Jing-xuan LIU, Xiao-fei GAO, Xiao-li ZHANG, Li-hua YAO, Yu-hua LI. Research of inhibitory effect of emodin on chemotherapy resistance in human leukemia K562/adriamycin-resistant cells[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2025 , 41 (16) : 2293 -2298 . DOI: 10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2025.16.008
慢性粒细胞白血病(chronic myelocytic leukemia,CML)源于造血干细胞的恶性克隆扩增,是慢性白血病最常见的亚型,其发病率约占成人白血病的20%[1]。化学治疗是白血病治疗的重要手段,阿霉素(adriamycin,ADR)是临床治疗白血病的重要药物。由于CML治疗中往往存在化疗耐药,这也是其化疗效果不佳,甚至导致化疗失败的主要原因之一[2]。P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)介导了许多化疗药物的体内运输过程,它可将药物从细胞质泵出细胞,进而产生化疗耐药作用,因此,调控P-gp的表达和活性是抑制肿瘤细胞化疗耐药的重要手段[3-4]。此外,有研究提示,核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)信号轴在调节P-gp的表达水平与功能活性方面可能扮演关键角色[5]。大黄素属于蒽醌衍生物,是中药大黄中的主要活性成分。本研究旨在探究大黄素对人白血病K562/阿霉素耐药(K562/ADR)细胞化疗耐药作用的影响及其可能的作用机制。
细胞 K562/ADR白血病阿霉素耐药细胞,购自武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司。
药品与试剂 大黄素,批号:240709,纯度:≥98%,规格:每瓶1 g,阿霉素,批号:240501,纯度:≥98%,规格:每瓶25 mg,均购自深圳百凯美生物技术有限公司;噻唑蓝(methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, MTT),购自美国Sigma-Aldrich公司;异硫氰酸荧光素标记的膜联蛋白V(Annexin V fluorescein isothiocyanate, Annexin V-FITC)/碘化丙啶(propidium lodide, PI)细胞凋亡检测试剂盒、细胞周期检测试剂盒,均购自上海翊圣生物科技有限公司;P-gp上下游引物、逆转录-聚合酶链反应(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)试剂盒和SYBR Premix Ex TaqTM试剂盒,均购自日本Takara Bio公司;细胞膜、浆、核蛋白提取试剂盒,购自江苏碧云天生物技术研究所;p65一抗,购自美国Cell Signaling Technology公司;P-gp一抗,购自美国Santa Cruz Biotechnology公司。
仪器 DMi8倒置显微镜,德国徕卡显微系统公司产品;Multiskan FC多功能酶标仪、FACSVerse流式细胞仪,均为美国Thermo Fisher公司产品;Archimed X6实时荧光定量PCR仪,北京鲲鹏基因科学仪器有限公司产品;Mini-PROTEAN 3电泳仪和转移仪,美国Bio-Rad公司产品;IJS-M6P化学发光凝胶成像仪,上海培清科技有限公司产品。
K562/ADR细胞使用含10%胎牛血清、1 μg·mL-1阿霉素与1%青霉素/链霉素的RPMI-1640体系,37 ℃、5% CO2培养,每2~3 d换液1次;收集处于对数期细胞,实验前进行2周无药培养。
将K562/ADR细胞分为低、中、高剂量实验组和对照组。低、中、高剂量实验组分别用5、10、20 μmol·L-1大黄素处理;对照组细胞则采用0.1%二甲基亚砜处理。
K562/ADR细胞经给药处理后,各组加入5 mg·mL-1 MTT溶液20 μL,孵育4 h后移除培养液,补加二甲基亚砜150 μL振摇至晶体彻底溶解,随后在490 nm波长下读取光密度并换算细胞存活率;利用棱镜(GraphPad Prism)分别计算对照组和低、中、高剂量实验组的半数抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentrations, IC50),逆转倍数=实验组IC50/对照组IC50
K562/ADR细胞经给药处理后,随后与3 μg·mL-1阿霉素避光孵育1 h,继以预冷的磷酸盐缓冲液漂洗细胞2次去除胞外残留药物,用酶标仪读取激发后的平均荧光强度(mean fluorescence intensity,MFI),并以相对荧光值作为阿霉素蓄积指标。
K562/ADR细胞经给药处理后,收集至离心管中离心沉淀,用预冷磷酸盐缓冲溶液洗涤1次,再次离心后,制备单细胞悬液。细胞周期分布特征检测步骤为:在涡旋悬液的同时加入70%冰乙醇,于4 ℃保存放置过夜后,洗去固定液加入PI染液和RNaseA,再次放置于4 ℃避光孵育30 min,移至流式管,上机检测。为评估细胞凋亡,在装有细胞混悬液的流式管内加入荧光标记的Annexin V/FITC和PI染色剂,轻摇均匀室温避光条件下继续孵育15 min,细胞过200目筛网后上机检测。
K562/ADR细胞经给药处理后,用Trizol法裂解细胞并收集总RNA,经紫外分光光度法测定浓度后,通过逆转录合成cDNA,随后上机qPCR测定P-gp mRNA丰度。用甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde-3-phos-phate dehydrogenase, GAPDH)作为校正基因,P-gp的mRNA表达差异用2-ΔΔCt算法处理。
K562/ADR细胞经给药处理后,裂解细胞并于4 ℃,以1.6×104 r·min-1离心30 min获得蛋白液,细胞浆蛋白和核蛋白的分离抽提按照试剂盒操作说明进行。用二喹啉甲酸(bicinchoninic acid, BCA)法检测蛋白溶液的浓度。蛋白质印迹实验后续步骤和参数条件参考文献[11],选取GAPDH为校正蛋白,蛋白表达的定量分析通过Image J软件完成。
用SPSS 25.0软件进行数据分析。数据用表示,多组间比较用单因素方差分析,组间比较用独立样本t检验。
大黄素处理能显著降低K562/ADR细胞存活率和细胞对阿霉素的IC50值,且IC50值的下降程度与大黄素浓度呈正相关。低、中、高剂量实验组与对照组相比,可分别使耐药细胞对阿霉素的IC50值下降24.29%、44.97%和68.97%,在统计学上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05, P<0.001),见表1
大黄素可剂量依赖性地升高K562/ADR细胞内的阿霉素平均荧光强度,表明阿霉素的胞内蓄积增强。低、中、高剂量实验组和对照组的阿霉素平均荧光强度(×104)分别为(4.32±0.78),(5.22±0.66),(7.47±0.77)和(2.69±0.69),中、高剂量实验组与对照组相比,在统计学上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05, P<0.01),低剂量实验组与对照组相比,在统计学上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
大黄素能明显增加处于G2/M期的K562/ADR细胞数量,并减少G0/G1期和S期K562/ADR细胞数量,且与浓度正相关,提示细胞阻滞在G2/M期。低、中、高剂量实验组与对照组相比,可分别使K562/ADR细胞G2/M期细胞量占比增加1.83、2.98和4.09倍,在统计学上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01, P<0.001);中、高剂量实验组与对照组相比,G0/G1期细胞量占比分别减少26.12%和45.19%,在统计学上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05, P<0.01);中、高剂量实验组与对照组相比,S期细胞量占比分别减少38.13%和52.60%,在统计学上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01, P<0.001);低剂量实验组的G0/G1期和S期细胞量占比与对照组相比,虽呈现下降趋势,但在统计学上差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),见表2
此外,中、高剂量实验组与对照组相比,可明显增加K562/ADR细胞凋亡率,在统计学上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001),见表2
大黄素能明显降低K562/ADR细胞中P-gp mRNA的表达水平,且与浓度正相关。低、中、高剂量实验组与对照组相比,可分别使P-gp mRNA的相对表达水平减少20.82%、31.90%和68.99%,在统计学上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001)。中、高剂量实验组与对照组相比,可分别使P-gp蛋白的相对表达水平减少22.99%和36.35%,在统计学上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01, P<0.001)。见表3
大黄素能明显增强K562/ADR细胞中RelA(p65)的核转位,且与剂量正相关,提示NF-κB通路可被大黄素激活。中、高剂量实验组与对照组相比,K562/ADR细胞核中RelA(p65)蛋白水平均显著增加(P<0.05, P<0.01)。同时,K562/ADR细胞质中核因子-kappaB抑制蛋白α(inhibitor of nuclear factor κB pnteinα,IκBα)蛋白水平均显著下降(P<0.05, P<0.01),而磷酸化IκBα(phosphorylated IκBα,p-IκBα)的蛋白水平浓度依赖性地升高。低剂量实验组的RelA(p65)、IκBα和p-IκBα蛋白水平与对照组相比,在统计学上差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。进一步对NF-κB通路上游磷酸化核因子kappa B抑制蛋白激酶κB(phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa B kinase α/β,p-IKKα/β)蛋白水平检测的结果表明,低、中、高剂量实验组与对照组相比,p-IKKα/β的表达水平明显升高,在统计学上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结果见表4图1
近年来,中药及其有效成分以其低毒、源自天然等特点日益得到广泛使用,而从传统中药中挖掘具有抑制肿瘤细胞耐药的有效成分也逐渐受到高度关注。大黄来源于蓼科,为唐古特大黄、药用大黄或掌叶大黄三类植物的干燥根与根茎的合称,其药性主要有通便导滞、清泄里热、凉血止血、解毒消痈及祛湿退黄。大黄含有多类具备药效活性的成分,常见于相关文献报道的有蒽酮类、蒽醌类、多糖和鞣质等[12]。大黄素化学名为1,3,8-三羟基-6甲基蒽醌,是一种天然存在的蒽醌衍生物。近年来,国内外关于大黄素的研究逐渐增加,目前已发现大黄素具有保护心肌细胞和抗肿瘤等方面药理作用[13-14]。本研究考察了大黄素对人白血病K562/ADR细胞阿霉素化疗耐药作用的影响及其潜在机制。
本研究以人慢性髓系白血病耐药细胞株K562/ADR为载体,首先考察大黄素对K562/ADR细胞阿霉素敏感性的影响,结果表明,大黄素可显著降低耐药细胞对阿霉素的IC50,证明大黄素能明显提高耐药细胞对阿霉素的敏感性,抑制K562/ADR细胞的化疗耐药作用。其次,研究进一步评估了大黄素对K562/ADR细胞摄取阿霉素的影响,发现经大黄素处理后,K562/ADR细胞内的阿霉素荧光信号显著增强,表明其可阻碍药物外排、增加胞内药物浓度,最终加强对肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制。此外,流式细胞术发现经大黄素与阿霉素共同作用后,观察到K562/ADR细胞出现明显的G2/M期阻滞加剧和凋亡促进现象。
为深入阐明大黄素抑制人白血病K562/ADR细胞阿霉素化疗耐药可能的作用通路,研究继续检测了K562/ADR细胞中P-gp及NF-κB信号轴关键分子的表达变化。大黄素干预后,细胞中P-gp mRNA与蛋白水平均明显下降,同时,还发现RelA(p65) 向核内迁移增强,并伴随胞浆中p-IKKα/β及p-IκBα蛋白表达上调,以上结果提示激活NF-κB轴进而降低细胞内P-gp的表达可能参与介导了大黄素对K562/ADR细胞阿霉素化疗耐药的抑制作用。既往研究报道,大黄素可诱导K562/ADR细胞凋亡,并且Akt-Caspase 3信号通路可能参与了上述过程[15],而本研究发现,大黄素可以抑制人白血病K562/ADR细胞的阿霉素化疗耐药,同时发现激活NF-κB通路进而下调P-gp的基因表达可能是大黄素抑制K562/ADR细胞阿霉素化疗耐药的潜在机制。如上所述,本研究发现激活NF-κB通路下调P-gp基因表达在大黄素抑制K562/ADR细胞阿霉素化疗耐药作用中发挥至关重要的作用,然而大黄素抑制K562/ADR细胞阿霉素化疗耐药的确切机制仍不清晰,值得进一步探索,尤其是大黄素激活NF-κB通路后是直接下调P-gp的基因表达还是通过与其他蛋白因子相互作用间接调控P-gp的基因表达尚待进一步研究确证。据文献指出,NF-κB一旦被激活,能直接结合孕烷X受体-类视黄醇X受体异源二聚体,从而阻遏其介导的药物外排蛋白基因转录和表达[16]。因此,大黄素激活NF-kB通路后对P-gp基因表达的调控模式有待于进一步探究。
本研究提示:大黄素可抑制人白血病K562/ADR细胞的阿霉素化疗耐药,其机制可能与激活细胞中NF-κB通路,进而下调P-gp基因表达水平有关。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(82104285)
  • 江西省中医药科技计划基金资助项目(2023B1382)
  • 江西省卫生健康委科技计划基金资助项目(202140141)
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2025年第41卷第16期
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doi: 10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2025.16.008
  • 接收时间:2025-01-13
  • 首发时间:2026-04-02
  • 出版时间:2025-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-13
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(82104285)
江西省中医药科技计划基金资助项目(2023B1382)
江西省卫生健康委科技计划基金资助项目(202140141)
作者信息
    1.南昌大学 第一附属医院 高新医院 药剂科,江西 南昌 330012
    2.江西科技师范大学 生命科学学院,江西 南昌 330013

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黎玉华,教授,硕士生导师 MP:13755755853 E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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