Article(id=1246531408324350162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, issueId=1246531406415941821, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2025.16.019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744128000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1775125847177, onlineDateStr=2026-04-02, pubDate=1756310400000, pubDateStr=2025-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775125847177, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775125847177, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775125847177, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1246531406415941821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, year='2025', volume='41', issue='16', pageStart='2251', pageEnd='2400', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775125846723, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775125956861, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1246531868481446285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, issueId=1246531406415941821, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1246531868481446286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, issueId=1246531406415941821, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2357, endPage=2362, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1246531408739586269, articleId=1246531408324350162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, language=EN, title=Study status in the penetration of antimicrobials into bone tissue, columnId=1246531408630534361, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Bone-related infections represent a significant challenge in orthopedic practice, and the penetration efficacy of antimicrobials into bone tissue serves as a critical determinant of therapeutic outcomes. This review systematically summarizes the bone penetration characteristics of clinically used antimicrobial agents. Current evidence indicates that most β-lactam antibiotics demonstrate bone penetration rates ranging from 10% to 50%, while fluoroquinolones exhibit higher penetration at 30%-100%. Vancomycin and teicoplanin display penetration rates between 10% and 40%. Notably, clindamycin, linezolid and rifampicin achieve penetration rates exceeding 30%. Multiple factors influence drug penetration characteristics, including anatomical bone site variations, local blood perfusion status, patients’ pathophysiological conditions, as well as administration routes and dosage regimens.
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骨相关感染是骨科领域的重要难题,抗菌药物在骨组织中的渗透性是决定疗效的关键因素之一。本文对临床常用抗菌药物的骨组织渗透性进行归纳总结,现有数据显示,大部分β-内酰胺类抗菌药物骨组织渗透率在10%~50%,喹诺酮类相对较高为30%~100%,万古霉素和替考拉宁位于10%~40%,此外,克林霉素、利奈唑胺和利福平渗透率均可达30%以上。骨组织不同部位、周围血供情况、受试者病理生理状态、给药途径和给药剂量在一定程度上都可能会影响药物的渗透性。
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高翔(1999-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事临床药学相关研究
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1.The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
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1.大连医科大学 扬州临床医学院,江苏 扬州 225001
2.大连医科大学 药学院,辽宁 大连 116000, bio={"content":"
高翔(1999-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事临床药学相关研究
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1.The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
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1.大连医科大学 扬州临床医学院,江苏 扬州 225001
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2.School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246531411172282622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408324350162, companyId=1246531411147116795, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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3, address=
3.School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical Umiversity, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu Province, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1246531412661260612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408324350162, authorId=1246531412397019450, language=CN, stringName=刘春晴, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
3, address=
3.中国药科大学 基础医学与临床药学学院,江苏 南京 211198, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1246531411247780098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408324350162, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246531411256168707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408324350162, companyId=1246531411247780098, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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3.中国药科大学 基础医学与临床药学学院,江苏 南京 211198)])]), Author(id=1246531412770312524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408324350162, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1246531412896141651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408324350162, authorId=1246531412770312524, language=EN, stringName=Xi WANG, firstName=Xi, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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4.School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, Anhui Province, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1246531413030359384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408324350162, authorId=1246531412770312524, language=CN, stringName=汪茜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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4.皖南医学院 药学院,安徽 芜湖 241002, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1246531411373609225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408324350162, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246531411386192139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408324350162, companyId=1246531411373609225, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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5, address=
5.Department of Pharmacy, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1246531413424623980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408324350162, authorId=1246531413172965725, language=CN, stringName=张晅, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
5, address=
5.江苏省苏北人民医院 药学部,江苏 扬州 225001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1246531411491049742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408324350162, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246531411495244047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408324350162, companyId=1246531411491049742, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1, 5, address=
1.The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
5.Department of Pharmacy, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1246531413743391115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408324350162, authorId=1246531413550453113, language=CN, stringName=朱华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 5, address=
1.大连医科大学 扬州临床医学院,江苏 扬州 225001
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Bone tissue penetration data of commonly used β-Lactam antibiotics
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Antibiotic | Sampling time (min) | Cancellous Bone concentration (mg·kg-1) | Cortical Bone Concentration (mg·kg-1 ) | Average bone concentration (mg·kg-1 ) | Plasma/Serum concentration (mg·L-1) | Bone-to-plasma/serum ratio |
|---|
| Penicillins | | | | | | |
| Amoxicillin[8] | 0-150 | - | - | Maxillary bone: 0.28-3.46 Mandibular bone: 0.11-1.89 | 1.24-13.92 1.03-8.82 | Maxillary bone: 0.26 Mandibular bone: 0.16 |
| Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid[9] | 0-300 | 41.8 | 33.3 | | - | Amoxicillin: 0.40 Clavulanic acid: 0.20 |
| Piperacillin/Tazobactam | 30-240[10] | - | - | 9.0 and 1.2 | 14.0-309.0 and 2.8-34.0 | Piperacillin: 0.15 Tazobactam: 0.13 |
| 30-60[11] | 21.3 and 3.8 | 18.7 and 2.3 | - | 98.5-164 and 9.4-15.2 | Piperacillin (Cancellous/Cortical bone): 0.23/0.18 Tazobactam (Cancellous/Cortical bone): 0.26/0.22 |
| 87[12] | 18.9 and 2.0 | 15.1 and 2.0 | - | 68.5 and 7.8 | Piperacillin (Cancellous/Cortical bone): 0.30/0.20 Tazobactam (Cancellous/Cortical bone): 0.30/0.30 |
| Cephalosporins | | | | | | |
| Cefazolin | 30-100[13] | - | - | 22.4 | 170.3 | 0.13 |
| 15[14] | - | - | 7.7 | 53 | 0.145 |
| Cefuroxime | 120-130[15] | - | - | 2.4 | 16.6 | 0.14 |
| <30[15] | - | - | 25.2 | 104.0 | 0.23 |
| 60-240[16] | - | - | 3.8-15.5 | 10.0-52.2 | 0.30-0.55 |
| Ceftriaxone | 90-480[17] | 30.8 (mg·L-1) | 9.6 (mg·L-1) | - | 128.4 | Cancellous bone:0.24 Cortical bone: 0.08 |
| 10-30[18] | - | - | 15.2-20.9 (mg·L-1) | 103.7-153.7 | 0.11-0.17 |
| Ceftazidime | Hip: 0-50 Knee: 0-30[19] | - | - | 13.1-14.8 12.4-20.5 | 36.7-63.7 45.9-80.5 | 0.21-0.38 0.14-0.45 |
| - | - | - | Ischemic bone: 4.64-7.08[20] | 22.04 | Ischemic bone: 0.25 |
| Cefepime[21] | 90 | 73.5 (mg·L-1) | 67.7 (mg·L-1) | - | 72.9 | Cancellous bone: 1.06 Cortical bone: 0.87 |
| Carbapenems | | | | | | |
| Meropenem | 30-60[22] | - | - | 1.4-4.0 | 6.0-11.2 | - |
| - | - | - | Ischemic bone: 4.72-8.57[20] | 29.25 | - |
), ArticleFig(id=1246531416264167903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408324350162, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
常用β-内酰胺类抗菌药物骨组织渗透性数据
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Antibiotic | Sampling time (min) | Cancellous Bone concentration (mg·kg-1) | Cortical Bone Concentration (mg·kg-1 ) | Average bone concentration (mg·kg-1 ) | Plasma/Serum concentration (mg·L-1) | Bone-to-plasma/serum ratio |
|---|
| Penicillins | | | | | | |
| Amoxicillin[8] | 0-150 | - | - | Maxillary bone: 0.28-3.46 Mandibular bone: 0.11-1.89 | 1.24-13.92 1.03-8.82 | Maxillary bone: 0.26 Mandibular bone: 0.16 |
| Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid[9] | 0-300 | 41.8 | 33.3 | | - | Amoxicillin: 0.40 Clavulanic acid: 0.20 |
| Piperacillin/Tazobactam | 30-240[10] | - | - | 9.0 and 1.2 | 14.0-309.0 and 2.8-34.0 | Piperacillin: 0.15 Tazobactam: 0.13 |
| 30-60[11] | 21.3 and 3.8 | 18.7 and 2.3 | - | 98.5-164 and 9.4-15.2 | Piperacillin (Cancellous/Cortical bone): 0.23/0.18 Tazobactam (Cancellous/Cortical bone): 0.26/0.22 |
| 87[12] | 18.9 and 2.0 | 15.1 and 2.0 | - | 68.5 and 7.8 | Piperacillin (Cancellous/Cortical bone): 0.30/0.20 Tazobactam (Cancellous/Cortical bone): 0.30/0.30 |
| Cephalosporins | | | | | | |
| Cefazolin | 30-100[13] | - | - | 22.4 | 170.3 | 0.13 |
| 15[14] | - | - | 7.7 | 53 | 0.145 |
| Cefuroxime | 120-130[15] | - | - | 2.4 | 16.6 | 0.14 |
| <30[15] | - | - | 25.2 | 104.0 | 0.23 |
| 60-240[16] | - | - | 3.8-15.5 | 10.0-52.2 | 0.30-0.55 |
| Ceftriaxone | 90-480[17] | 30.8 (mg·L-1) | 9.6 (mg·L-1) | - | 128.4 | Cancellous bone:0.24 Cortical bone: 0.08 |
| 10-30[18] | - | - | 15.2-20.9 (mg·L-1) | 103.7-153.7 | 0.11-0.17 |
| Ceftazidime | Hip: 0-50 Knee: 0-30[19] | - | - | 13.1-14.8 12.4-20.5 | 36.7-63.7 45.9-80.5 | 0.21-0.38 0.14-0.45 |
| - | - | - | Ischemic bone: 4.64-7.08[20] | 22.04 | Ischemic bone: 0.25 |
| Cefepime[21] | 90 | 73.5 (mg·L-1) | 67.7 (mg·L-1) | - | 72.9 | Cancellous bone: 1.06 Cortical bone: 0.87 |
| Carbapenems | | | | | | |
| Meropenem | 30-60[22] | - | - | 1.4-4.0 | 6.0-11.2 | - |
| - | - | - | Ischemic bone: 4.72-8.57[20] | 29.25 | - |
), ArticleFig(id=1246531416352248295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408324350162, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Bone tissue penetration data of commonly used fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, and other antimicrobial agents
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Antibiotic | Sampling time (min) | Cancellous bone concentration (mg·kg-1) | Cortical bone concentration (mg·kg-1) | Average bone Concentration (mg·kg-1) | Plasma/Serum Concentration (mg·L-1) | Bone-to-plasma/serum ratio |
|---|
| Fluoroquinolones | | | | | | |
| Ciprofloxacin | 30-1200[23] | 0.224-14.6 (mg·L-1) | 0.176-5.98 (mg·L-1) | - | - | Cancellous bone: 0.77、4.4 Cortical bone: 0.67、5.1 |
| 60-780[24] | - | 1.07 | - | - | - |
| Levofloxacin | 72[25] | 7.4 | 3.9 | - | 7.5 | Cancellous bone: 1.0 Cortical bone: 0.5 |
| 120[26] | 3.15 | 2.44 | - | 5.92 | Cancellous bone: 0.54 Cortical bone: 0.42 |
| 90[27] | 6.6 | 2.8 | - | 8.6 | Cancellous bone: 0.77 Cortical bone: 0.33 |
| Moxifloxacin | 120[26] | 1.62 | 1.17 | - | 3.02 | Cancellous bone: 0.54 Cortical bone: 0.34 |
| 120-240[28] | 1.81-1.89 (mg·L-1) | 1.43-1.56 (mg·L-1) | - | 3.45-3.73 | Cancellous bone:0.50-0.52 Cortical bone: 0.42-0.44 |
| 120 and 840[28] | 2.97(mg·L-1) | 2.54(mg·L-1) | | 6.26 | Cancellous bone: 0.48 Cortical bone: 0.40 |
| Glycopeptides | | | | | | |
| Vancomycin | 100-215[29] | - | - | 1.94-37.0(mg·L-1) | 9.30-86.6 | Average bone: 0.41 Cancellous bone: 0.44 Cortical bone: 0.36 |
| 0-185[30] | 2.3 | 1.14 | - | 22.1 | Cancellous bone: 0.13 Cortical bone: 0.07 |
| Teicoplanin | Systemic: 6-90[31] | - | - | Systemic: 1.3-2.5 | Systemic: 7.3-9.3 | - |
| Regional: 17-101[31] | - | - | Regional: 7.5-12.7 | Regional: 3.5-14.7 | - |
| 20-190[32] | 7.9 | 7.1 | - | 14.7-81.3 | - |
| Others | | | | | | |
| Linezolid | 150[33] | - | - | Diseased bone: 2.13(mg·L-1) Nondiseased bone: 1.01(mg·L-1) | 8.23 | Diseased bone: 0.49 Nondiseased bone: 0.26 |
| 10-30[34] | - | - | 6.3-9.1(mg·L-1) | 14.3-19.2 | 0.47-0.60 |
| Clindamycin | 60[35] | - | - | 2.63 | 7.33 | 0.40 |
| 120[36] | 3.77 | 3.87 | - | 8.51 | Cancellous bone: 0.45 Cortical bone: 0.44 |
| Daptomycin | 438[37] | - | - | 3.3 | 39.3 | 0.14 |
| 0-960[38] | - | - | 4.7(mg·L-1) | 72.9 | 16 h:1.08 24 h:1.17 |
| Rifampicin | 180[39] | 1.2 | 2.9 | - | 7.8 | Cancellous bone: 0.41 Cortical bone: 0.20 |
| 115-325[40] | - | - | Uninfected bone: 3.24 Infected bone: 3.86 | Uninfected bone: 9.35 Infected bone: 7.46 | Uninfected bone: 0.35 Infected bone: 0.52 |
), ArticleFig(id=1246531416461300210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408324350162, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
常用氟喹诺酮类、糖肽类等抗菌药物骨组织渗透性数据
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Antibiotic | Sampling time (min) | Cancellous bone concentration (mg·kg-1) | Cortical bone concentration (mg·kg-1) | Average bone Concentration (mg·kg-1) | Plasma/Serum Concentration (mg·L-1) | Bone-to-plasma/serum ratio |
|---|
| Fluoroquinolones | | | | | | |
| Ciprofloxacin | 30-1200[23] | 0.224-14.6 (mg·L-1) | 0.176-5.98 (mg·L-1) | - | - | Cancellous bone: 0.77、4.4 Cortical bone: 0.67、5.1 |
| 60-780[24] | - | 1.07 | - | - | - |
| Levofloxacin | 72[25] | 7.4 | 3.9 | - | 7.5 | Cancellous bone: 1.0 Cortical bone: 0.5 |
| 120[26] | 3.15 | 2.44 | - | 5.92 | Cancellous bone: 0.54 Cortical bone: 0.42 |
| 90[27] | 6.6 | 2.8 | - | 8.6 | Cancellous bone: 0.77 Cortical bone: 0.33 |
| Moxifloxacin | 120[26] | 1.62 | 1.17 | - | 3.02 | Cancellous bone: 0.54 Cortical bone: 0.34 |
| 120-240[28] | 1.81-1.89 (mg·L-1) | 1.43-1.56 (mg·L-1) | - | 3.45-3.73 | Cancellous bone:0.50-0.52 Cortical bone: 0.42-0.44 |
| 120 and 840[28] | 2.97(mg·L-1) | 2.54(mg·L-1) | | 6.26 | Cancellous bone: 0.48 Cortical bone: 0.40 |
| Glycopeptides | | | | | | |
| Vancomycin | 100-215[29] | - | - | 1.94-37.0(mg·L-1) | 9.30-86.6 | Average bone: 0.41 Cancellous bone: 0.44 Cortical bone: 0.36 |
| 0-185[30] | 2.3 | 1.14 | - | 22.1 | Cancellous bone: 0.13 Cortical bone: 0.07 |
| Teicoplanin | Systemic: 6-90[31] | - | - | Systemic: 1.3-2.5 | Systemic: 7.3-9.3 | - |
| Regional: 17-101[31] | - | - | Regional: 7.5-12.7 | Regional: 3.5-14.7 | - |
| 20-190[32] | 7.9 | 7.1 | - | 14.7-81.3 | - |
| Others | | | | | | |
| Linezolid | 150[33] | - | - | Diseased bone: 2.13(mg·L-1) Nondiseased bone: 1.01(mg·L-1) | 8.23 | Diseased bone: 0.49 Nondiseased bone: 0.26 |
| 10-30[34] | - | - | 6.3-9.1(mg·L-1) | 14.3-19.2 | 0.47-0.60 |
| Clindamycin | 60[35] | - | - | 2.63 | 7.33 | 0.40 |
| 120[36] | 3.77 | 3.87 | - | 8.51 | Cancellous bone: 0.45 Cortical bone: 0.44 |
| Daptomycin | 438[37] | - | - | 3.3 | 39.3 | 0.14 |
| 0-960[38] | - | - | 4.7(mg·L-1) | 72.9 | 16 h:1.08 24 h:1.17 |
| Rifampicin | 180[39] | 1.2 | 2.9 | - | 7.8 | Cancellous bone: 0.41 Cortical bone: 0.20 |
| 115-325[40] | - | - | Uninfected bone: 3.24 Infected bone: 3.86 | Uninfected bone: 9.35 Infected bone: 7.46 | Uninfected bone: 0.35 Infected bone: 0.52 |
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