Article(id=1246531408072691916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, issueId=1246531406415941821, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2025.16.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745942400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1775125847117, onlineDateStr=2026-04-02, pubDate=1756310400000, pubDateStr=2025-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775125847117, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775125847117, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775125847117, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1246531406415941821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, year='2025', volume='41', issue='16', pageStart='2251', pageEnd='2400', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775125846723, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775125956861, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1246531868481446285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, issueId=1246531406415941821, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1246531868481446286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, issueId=1246531406415941821, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2263, endPage=2268, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1246531408483733717, articleId=1246531408072691916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, language=EN, title=Clinical trial of finerenone combined with dapagliflozin in treating elderly diabetic nephropathy patients, columnId=1246531407326105792, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, columnName=Clinical and Basic Bridging Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of finerenone tablets combined with dapagliflozin tablets in the treatment of elderly diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods

Elderly patients with DN in hospital were divided into treatment group and control group. The patients in control group were treated with oral dapagliflozin tablets once a day in the morning, with a dose of 5 mg each time, while the patients in the treatment group were combined with finerenone tablets on the basis of control group, and adjusted according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels of patients. Serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 24 h urine protein quantification, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-cRP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and clinical efficacy were compared between groups of patients, and the safety was evaluated.

Results

A total 90 patients were enrolced; 45 in treatment group and 45 in control group. After treatment, the SCr levels in treatment group and control group were (127.63±10.28) and (140.27±11.95) μmol·L-1, BUN levels were (11.45±3.57) and (18.62±3.29) mmol·L-1, 24 h urine protein quantification levels were (99.28±11.42) and (117.92±12.00) mg·24 h-1, IL-6 levels were (12.32±2.15) and (16.41±3.50) ng·L-1, TNF-α levels were (31.68±10.52) and (43.09±11.83) ng·L-1, hs-cRP levels were (6.08±1.20) and (9.56±1.57) ng·L-1, TC levels were (4.49±0.55) and (4.83±0.72) mmol·L-1, TG levels were (2.57±0.63) and (2.79±0.48) mmol·L-1, LDL-C levels were (2.71±0.63) and (3.06±0.45) mmol·L-1 respectively, and the above indicators in treatment group were significantly lower than those in control group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The total clinical effective rate in treatment group was 93.34% (42 cases/45 cases), and that in control group was 75.56% (34 cases/45 cases), with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The adverse drug reactions in treatment group were hypotension, hypoglycemia, acute kidney injury, hyperkalemia and pruritus, and the adverse drug reactions in control group included hypoglycemia, acute kidney injury and hyperkalemia. The total incidence rates of adverse drug reactions in treatment group and control group were 22.22% (10 cases/45 cases) and 8.89% (4 cases /45 cases) respectively, without statistically significant difference (P>0.05).

Conclusion

Compared with dapagliflozin tablets, the combined use of finerenone tablets for elderly DN can better improve the renal function, and regulate the lipid metabolism, with good safety.

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目的

观察非奈利酮片联合达格列净片治疗老年糖尿病肾病(DN)的临床疗效及安全性。

方法

将本院的老年DN患者分为试验组和对照组,对照组患者口服达格列净片治疗,每日早晨服用1次,每次剂量为5 mg;试验组患者在对照组的基础上联合非奈利酮片治疗,剂量依据患者的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)水平进行调整。比较2组患者的血清肌酸酐(SCr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、24 h尿蛋白定量、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-cRP)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和临床疗效,并评价安全性。

结果

共纳入90例患者,试验组45例、对照组45例。治疗后,试验组和对照组的SCr分别为(127.63±10.28)和(140.27±11.95)μmol·L-1;BUN分别为(11.45±3.57)和(18.62±3.29)mmol·L-1;24 h 尿蛋白定量水平分别为(99.28±11.42)和(117.92±12.00)mg·24 h-1;IL-6水平分别为(12.32±2.15)和(16.41±3.50)ng·L-1;TNF-α水平分别为(31.68±10.52)和(43.09±11.83)ng·L-1;hs-cRP水平分别为(6.08±1.20)和(9.56±1.57)ng·L-1;TC水平分别为(4.49±0.55)和(4.83±0.72)mmol·L-1;TG水平分别为(2.57±0.63)和(2.79±0.48)mmol·L-1;LDL-C水平分别为(2.71±0.63)和(3.06±0.45)mmol·L-1,试验组的上述指标均显著低于对照组,在统计学上差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。试验组的临床总有效率为93.34%(42例/45例),对照组为75.56%(34例/45例),在统计学上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组的药物不良反应有低血压、低血糖、急性肾损伤、高钾血症和瘙痒;对照组有低血糖、急性肾损伤和高钾血症,试验组和对照组患者的药物不良反应总发生率分别为22.22%(10例/45例)和8.89%(4例/45例),在统计学上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

与单用达格列净片相比,联合使用非奈利酮片治疗老年DN能改善肾脏功能,调节脂质代谢,且安全性良好。

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胡淑阳 MP:15852756177 E-mail:
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胡淑阳(1984-),女,副主任医师,主要从事糖尿病肾病、糖尿病血管病变方面的临床工作和研究

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胡淑阳(1984-),女,副主任医师,主要从事糖尿病肾病、糖尿病血管病变方面的临床工作和研究

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Keyword(id=1246531417031725596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=脂质代谢), Keyword(id=1246531417165943337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=肾纤维化)], refs=[Reference(id=1246531419896435356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=40, issue=6, pageStart=719, pageEnd=722, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=连欢, 胡纯, 邓旋, journalName=川北医学院学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=连欢,胡纯,邓旋,.达格列净联合依那普利对糖尿病肾病患者肾功能、尿足细胞相关蛋白和炎症因子的影响[J].川北医学院学报,2025,40(6):719-722., articleTitle=达格列净联合依那普利对糖尿病肾病患者肾功能、尿足细胞相关蛋白和炎症因子的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246531419980321444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, 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issue=6, pageStart=505, pageEnd=510, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=刘离香, 刘永铭, journalName=中国心血管病研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘离香,刘永铭.非奈利酮减少糖尿病肾病新发心房颤动的研究进展[J].中国心血管病研究202321(6):505-510., articleTitle=非奈利酮减少糖尿病肾病新发心房颤动的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246531421175698174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=39, issue=12, pageStart=254, pageEnd=258, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=朱栋良, 田晓玲, 陈莉, journalName=中华中医药学刊, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱栋良,田晓玲,陈莉,.肾康栓联合前列地尔治疗糖尿病肾病的疗效及对24 h尿蛋白定量、SCr、BUN水平影响[J].中华中医药学刊202139(12):254-258., articleTitle=肾康栓联合前列地尔治疗糖尿病肾病的疗效及对24 h尿蛋白定量、SCr、BUN水平影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246531421267972865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=39, issue=8, pageStart=2062, pageEnd=2066, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=刘成功, 马海丽, 李巍, journalName=现代药物与临床, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘成功,马海丽,李巍,.非奈利酮联合厄贝沙坦治疗糖尿病肾病的临床研究[J].现代药物与临床202439(8):2062-2066., articleTitle=非奈利酮联合厄贝沙坦治疗糖尿病肾病的临床研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246531421347664646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=56, pageEnd=70, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=BARRERA-CHIMAL J, LIMA-POSADA I, BAKRIS G L, journalName=Nat Rev Nephrol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BARRERA-CHIMAL J, LIMA-POSADA I, BAKRIS G L, et al. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in diabetic kidney disease-mechanistic and therapeutic effects[J]. Nat Rev Nephrol2022,18(1):56-70., articleTitle=Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in diabetic kidney disease-mechanistic and therapeutic effects, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246531421402190600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=8, pageStart=6651, pageEnd=6666, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=CATURANO A, D’ANGELO M, MORMONE A, journalName=Curr Issues Mol Biol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CATURANO A, D’ANGELO M, MORMONE A, et al. Oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes: Impacts from pathogenesis to lifestyle modifications[J]. Curr Issues Mol Biol2023,45(8): 6651-6666., articleTitle=Oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes: Impacts from pathogenesis to lifestyle modifications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246531421477688080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=135, issue=3, pageStart=224, pageEnd=233, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=LERMA E, WHITE W B, BAKRIS G, journalName=Postgrad Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LERMA E, WHITE W B, BAKRIS G. Effectiveness of nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with diabetic kidney disease[J]. Postgrad Med2023,135(3):224-233., articleTitle=Effectiveness of nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with diabetic kidney disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246531421590934294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=21, issue=1, pageStart=83, pageEnd=87, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=XU B, LI S, KANG B, ZHOU J, journalName=Cardiovasc Diabetol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU B, LI S, KANG B, ZHOU J. The current role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus management[J]. Cardiovasc Diabetol2022,21(1):83-87., articleTitle=The current role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus management, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246531421679014684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=16, issue=11, pageStart=2073, pageEnd=2076,2081, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=何卫士, 李梦茜, 张帆, journalName=分子诊断与治疗杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何卫士,李梦茜,张帆,.红曲制剂对高脂血症患者血清APOB、LDL-C及瘦素水平的影响及与动脉粥样硬化的关系[J].分子诊断与治疗杂志202416(11):2073-2076,2081., articleTitle=红曲制剂对高脂血症患者血清APOB、LDL-C及瘦素水平的影响及与动脉粥样硬化的关系, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246531421792260897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=7, pageStart=1791, pageEnd=1797, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=VENETI S, TZIOMALOS K, journalName=Diabetes Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VENETI S, TZIOMALOS K. The role of finerenone in the management of diabetic nephropathy[J]. Diabetes Ther2021,12(7):1791-1797., articleTitle=The role of finerenone in the management of diabetic nephropathy, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1246531419774800528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, awardId=Q202248, language=CN, fundingSource=无锡市卫生健康委员会资助科研基金资助项目(Q202248), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1246531413898580365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246531413906968974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, companyId=1246531413898580365, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Endocrinology, The 904th Hospital of the Joint Support Force of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Wuxi 214044, Jiangsu Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246531413961494927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, companyId=1246531413898580365, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国人民解放军联勤保障部队 第九O四医院 内分泌科,江苏 无锡 214044)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1246531417295966778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of general data between two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemControl
n=45)
Treatment
n=45)
ItemControl
n=45)
Treatment
n=45)
Gender(male/female)25/2023/22Body weight(kg,62.10±5.3161.57±4.89
Age (year,69.37±2.1168.66±2.63eGFR level(n,%)
Course of diabetes mellitus(years,9.21±2.879.72±2.94Grade Ⅰ23(51.11%)26(57.78%)
Course of DN(years,2.59±0.482.71±0.56Grade Ⅱ22(48.89%)19(42.22%)
DN staging(n,%)Concurrent hypertension(n,%)24(53.33%)22(48.89%)
6(13.34%)7(15.56%)Concurrent coronary heart disease(n,%)13(28.89%)15(33.33%)
9(20.00%)7(15.56%)Heart rate(beats/min)83.10±9.2182.39±8.49
15(33.33%)15(33.33%)Systolic blood pressure(mmHg,137.81±12.73136.85±10.58
15(33.33%)16(35.56%)Diastolic blood pressure(mmHg,82.69±5.1283.32±4.83
), ArticleFig(id=1246531417371464258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2组患者一般资料的比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemControl
n=45)
Treatment
n=45)
ItemControl
n=45)
Treatment
n=45)
Gender(male/female)25/2023/22Body weight(kg,62.10±5.3161.57±4.89
Age (year,69.37±2.1168.66±2.63eGFR level(n,%)
Course of diabetes mellitus(years,9.21±2.879.72±2.94Grade Ⅰ23(51.11%)26(57.78%)
Course of DN(years,2.59±0.482.71±0.56Grade Ⅱ22(48.89%)19(42.22%)
DN staging(n,%)Concurrent hypertension(n,%)24(53.33%)22(48.89%)
6(13.34%)7(15.56%)Concurrent coronary heart disease(n,%)13(28.89%)15(33.33%)
9(20.00%)7(15.56%)Heart rate(beats/min)83.10±9.2182.39±8.49
15(33.33%)15(33.33%)Systolic blood pressure(mmHg,137.81±12.73136.85±10.58
15(33.33%)16(35.56%)Diastolic blood pressure(mmHg,82.69±5.1283.32±4.83
), ArticleFig(id=1246531417480516173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of renal function indicators between two groups (

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemControl(n=45)Treatment(n=45)
Before treatmentAfter treatmentBefore treatmentAfter treatment
SCr(μmol·L-1183.26±11.09140.27±11.95*185.62±12.19127.63±10.28*#
BUN(mmol·L-125.41±6.3518.62±3.29*26.74±6.1811.45±3.57*#
24 h UPQ(mg·24h-1187.39±14.88117.92±12.00*185.63±13.2799.28±11.42*#
), ArticleFig(id=1246531417581179473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2组患者肾功能指标的比较(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemControl(n=45)Treatment(n=45)
Before treatmentAfter treatmentBefore treatmentAfter treatment
SCr(μmol·L-1183.26±11.09140.27±11.95*185.62±12.19127.63±10.28*#
BUN(mmol·L-125.41±6.3518.62±3.29*26.74±6.1811.45±3.57*#
24 h UPQ(mg·24h-1187.39±14.88117.92±12.00*185.63±13.2799.28±11.42*#
), ArticleFig(id=1246531417702814296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of microinflammatory state-related indicators between two groups (ng·L-1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemControl(n=45)Treatment(n=45)
Before treatmentAfter treatmentBefore treatmentAfter treatment
IL-621.05±4.1016.41±3.50*20.19±3.5512.32±2.15*#
TNF-α60.03±10.5043.09±11.83*61.11±12.5431.68±10.52*#
hs-CRP12.67±4.209.56±1.57*13.25±2.366.08±1.20*#
), ArticleFig(id=1246531417820254816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1246415772164075586, articleId=1246531408072691916, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2组患者微炎症状态相关指标的比较(ng·L-1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemControl(n=45)Treatment(n=45)
Before treatmentAfter treatmentBefore treatmentAfter treatment
IL-621.05±4.1016.41±3.50*20.19±3.5512.32±2.15*#
TNF-α60.03±10.5043.09±11.83*61.11±12.5431.68±10.52*#
hs-CRP12.67±4.209.56±1.57*13.25±2.366.08±1.20*#
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Comparison of lipid metabolism indicators between two groups(mmol·L-1

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ItemControl (n=45)Treatment (n=45)
Before treatmentAfter treatmentBefore treatmentAfter treatment
TC8.46±0.814.83±0.72*8.52±0.734.49±0.55*#
TG3.27±0.562.79±0.48*3.39±0.412.57±0.63*#
LDL-C3.75±0.533.06±0.45*3.86±0.412.71±0.63*#
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2组患者脂质代谢指标的比较(mmol·L-1

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ItemControl (n=45)Treatment (n=45)
Before treatmentAfter treatmentBefore treatmentAfter treatment
TC8.46±0.814.83±0.72*8.52±0.734.49±0.55*#
TG3.27±0.562.79±0.48*3.39±0.412.57±0.63*#
LDL-C3.75±0.533.06±0.45*3.86±0.412.71±0.63*#
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Comparison of clinical efficacy between two groups (n, %)

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ItemControl(n=45)Treatment(n=45)
Markedly effective18(40.00)21(46.67)
Effective16(35.56)21(46.67)
Ineffective11(24.44)3(6.66)
Total effective rate34(75.56)42(93.34)#
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2组患者临床疗效的比较(n,%)

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Markedly effective18(40.00)21(46.67)
Effective16(35.56)21(46.67)
Ineffective11(24.44)3(6.66)
Total effective rate34(75.56)42(93.34)#
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非奈利酮联合达格列净治疗老年糖尿病肾病患者的临床研究
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胡淑阳 , 徐燕 , 徐梁
中国临床药理学杂志 | 临床与基础桥接研究 2025,41(16): 2263-2268
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中国临床药理学杂志 | 临床与基础桥接研究 2025, 41(16): 2263-2268
非奈利酮联合达格列净治疗老年糖尿病肾病患者的临床研究
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胡淑阳 , 徐燕, 徐梁
作者信息
  • 中国人民解放军联勤保障部队 第九O四医院 内分泌科,江苏 无锡 214044
  • 胡淑阳(1984-),女,副主任医师,主要从事糖尿病肾病、糖尿病血管病变方面的临床工作和研究

通讯作者:

胡淑阳 MP:15852756177 E-mail:
Clinical trial of finerenone combined with dapagliflozin in treating elderly diabetic nephropathy patients
Shu-yang HU , Yan XU, Liang XU
Affiliations
  • Department of Endocrinology, The 904th Hospital of the Joint Support Force of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Wuxi 214044, Jiangsu Province, China
出版时间: 2025-08-28 doi: 10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2025.16.003
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目的

观察非奈利酮片联合达格列净片治疗老年糖尿病肾病(DN)的临床疗效及安全性。

方法

将本院的老年DN患者分为试验组和对照组,对照组患者口服达格列净片治疗,每日早晨服用1次,每次剂量为5 mg;试验组患者在对照组的基础上联合非奈利酮片治疗,剂量依据患者的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)水平进行调整。比较2组患者的血清肌酸酐(SCr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、24 h尿蛋白定量、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-cRP)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和临床疗效,并评价安全性。

结果

共纳入90例患者,试验组45例、对照组45例。治疗后,试验组和对照组的SCr分别为(127.63±10.28)和(140.27±11.95)μmol·L-1;BUN分别为(11.45±3.57)和(18.62±3.29)mmol·L-1;24 h 尿蛋白定量水平分别为(99.28±11.42)和(117.92±12.00)mg·24 h-1;IL-6水平分别为(12.32±2.15)和(16.41±3.50)ng·L-1;TNF-α水平分别为(31.68±10.52)和(43.09±11.83)ng·L-1;hs-cRP水平分别为(6.08±1.20)和(9.56±1.57)ng·L-1;TC水平分别为(4.49±0.55)和(4.83±0.72)mmol·L-1;TG水平分别为(2.57±0.63)和(2.79±0.48)mmol·L-1;LDL-C水平分别为(2.71±0.63)和(3.06±0.45)mmol·L-1,试验组的上述指标均显著低于对照组,在统计学上差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。试验组的临床总有效率为93.34%(42例/45例),对照组为75.56%(34例/45例),在统计学上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组的药物不良反应有低血压、低血糖、急性肾损伤、高钾血症和瘙痒;对照组有低血糖、急性肾损伤和高钾血症,试验组和对照组患者的药物不良反应总发生率分别为22.22%(10例/45例)和8.89%(4例/45例),在统计学上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

与单用达格列净片相比,联合使用非奈利酮片治疗老年DN能改善肾脏功能,调节脂质代谢,且安全性良好。

非奈利酮片  /  达格列净片  /  糖尿病肾病  /  脂质代谢  /  肾纤维化
Objective

To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of finerenone tablets combined with dapagliflozin tablets in the treatment of elderly diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods

Elderly patients with DN in hospital were divided into treatment group and control group. The patients in control group were treated with oral dapagliflozin tablets once a day in the morning, with a dose of 5 mg each time, while the patients in the treatment group were combined with finerenone tablets on the basis of control group, and adjusted according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels of patients. Serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 24 h urine protein quantification, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-cRP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and clinical efficacy were compared between groups of patients, and the safety was evaluated.

Results

A total 90 patients were enrolced; 45 in treatment group and 45 in control group. After treatment, the SCr levels in treatment group and control group were (127.63±10.28) and (140.27±11.95) μmol·L-1, BUN levels were (11.45±3.57) and (18.62±3.29) mmol·L-1, 24 h urine protein quantification levels were (99.28±11.42) and (117.92±12.00) mg·24 h-1, IL-6 levels were (12.32±2.15) and (16.41±3.50) ng·L-1, TNF-α levels were (31.68±10.52) and (43.09±11.83) ng·L-1, hs-cRP levels were (6.08±1.20) and (9.56±1.57) ng·L-1, TC levels were (4.49±0.55) and (4.83±0.72) mmol·L-1, TG levels were (2.57±0.63) and (2.79±0.48) mmol·L-1, LDL-C levels were (2.71±0.63) and (3.06±0.45) mmol·L-1 respectively, and the above indicators in treatment group were significantly lower than those in control group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The total clinical effective rate in treatment group was 93.34% (42 cases/45 cases), and that in control group was 75.56% (34 cases/45 cases), with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The adverse drug reactions in treatment group were hypotension, hypoglycemia, acute kidney injury, hyperkalemia and pruritus, and the adverse drug reactions in control group included hypoglycemia, acute kidney injury and hyperkalemia. The total incidence rates of adverse drug reactions in treatment group and control group were 22.22% (10 cases/45 cases) and 8.89% (4 cases /45 cases) respectively, without statistically significant difference (P>0.05).

Conclusion

Compared with dapagliflozin tablets, the combined use of finerenone tablets for elderly DN can better improve the renal function, and regulate the lipid metabolism, with good safety.

finerenone tablets  /  dapagliflozin tablets  /  diabetic nephropathy  /  lipid metabolism  /  renal fibrosis
胡淑阳, 徐燕, 徐梁. 非奈利酮联合达格列净治疗老年糖尿病肾病患者的临床研究. 中国临床药理学杂志, 2025 , 41 (16) : 2263 -2268 . DOI: 10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2025.16.003
Shu-yang HU, Yan XU, Liang XU. Clinical trial of finerenone combined with dapagliflozin in treating elderly diabetic nephropathy patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2025 , 41 (16) : 2263 -2268 . DOI: 10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2025.16.003
糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)是糖尿病最常见的微血管并发症之一,随着糖尿病人口的老龄化,老年DN的患病率也随之增加[1-3]。DN的治疗方法通常包括饮食治疗、控制血糖等,但由于老年患者生理机能衰退,药物代谢和排泄能力减弱,药物不良反应发生率更高[4]。非奈利酮是一种非甾体类、高选择性的盐皮质激素受体阻断剂,其通过直接抑制盐皮质激素受体的异常激活过程而发挥作用,具有抗炎、抗纤维化作用,可以减缓慢性肾病的进展,并通过降低蛋白尿水平,减轻肾脏负担[5]。目前,非奈利酮已被美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)批准用于DN的治疗[6]。但由于该药物在国内上市时间较短,关于其在DN患者治疗中的临床疗效尚缺乏充足的临床数据作为支撑。本研究旨在探讨非奈利酮片联合常规治疗药物合达格列净片治疗老年DN的临床疗效和安全性,以期为老年DN的治疗提供新的思路和方法。
2022年1月至2024年1月以本院进行治疗的老年DN患者纳入为研究对象。本研究经中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九O四医院伦理委员会批准(伦理批号:20250220)。所有患者均签署知情同意书。
诊断与入选标准 符合《中国糖尿病肾脏疾病防治临床指南》[7]中DN疾病的诊断标准,年龄≥65岁,尿白蛋白/肌酸酐比值(urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio,UACR)≥30 mg·g-1
排除标准 其他病因导致的蛋白尿和肾功能减退者,如原发性肾小球肾炎、肾病综合征;合并不稳定型心绞痛、心肌梗死、心力衰竭等严重心血管疾病者;合并脑出血、脑梗死等严重脑血管疾病者;合并恶性肿瘤者;存在非奈利酮或其成分过敏史者,合并高钾血症者;合并精神疾病者;合并肝脏纤维化等相关疾病者。
厄贝沙坦分散片,规格:每片0.15 g,批号:20220602,批准文号:国药准字H20100170,华润双鹤利民药业(济南)有限公司产品;达格列净片,规格:(以C21H25ClO6计)每片5 mg,批号:20210619,批准文号:国药准字H20213815,山东鲁抗医药股份有限公司产品;非奈利酮片,规格:每片10 mg,批号:2021120,注册证号:国药准字HJ20220057,拜尔医药保健有限公司产品。
AU5800 全自动生化分析仪检测,美国贝克曼库尔特有限公司产品;Multiskan SkyHigh全自动酶联免疫分析仪,烟台艾德康生物科技有限公司产品。
将入组的患者分为试验组和对照组。所有患者均实施严谨的饮食管理措施,确保每日盐分摄入量不超过6 g,并维持0.8 g·kg-1的优质蛋白质摄入。此外,所有患者均使用150 mg·d-1厄贝沙坦片治疗。
对照组患者给予常规治疗,根据个体化血糖情况,给予胰岛素或口服降糖药物降糖治疗,再予以口服达格列净片每日早晨服用1次,每次剂量为5 mg[8]。试验组在对照组治疗方案的基础上,加用非奈利酮片进行治疗。非奈利酮片的起始剂量依据患者的肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)水平进行调整,对于eGFR在25~60 mL·(min·1.73 m2-1的患者,起始剂量为每次10 mg·d-1,对于eGFR≥60 mL·(min·1.73 m2-1的患者,起始剂量则为20 mg·d-1,前4周,需对患者的血清钾水平进行监测,并根据需要进行剂量调整,若血清钾水平升高或eGFR下降,可能需要降低剂量或停药。2组患者均治疗6个月。
肾功能指标 治疗前及治疗6个月后,2组患者清晨空腹抽取肘静脉血5 mL,用苦味酸法测定血清肌酸酐(serum creatinine,SCr)和血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)水平。收集患者治疗前及治疗6个月后24 h尿液,用双缩脲法测定这些样本中的24 h尿蛋白定量。
微炎症状态相关指标 治疗前及治疗6个月后,用酶联免疫吸附试验法测定血清白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和超敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-cRP)水平。
脂质代谢指标 治疗前及治疗6个月后,用全自动生化分析仪检测患者总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglycerides,TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)水平。
临床疗效评估[9] 显效为24 h尿蛋白定量恢复正常或降低≥50%,肾功能正常,UAER正常或下降≥50%;有效为24 h尿蛋白定量、血糖、UAER降低,但不满足显效要求,肾功能指标正常;无效为24 h尿蛋白定量、血糖、UAER和肾功能无明显变化,甚至加重。总有效率=(显效例数+有效例数)/总例数×100%。
安全性评价 治疗期间,观察2组患者药物不良反应的发生情况。
用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。符合正态分布的计量资料用表示,组间比较用独立样本t检验,组内比较用配对样本t检验;计数资料用率(%)表示,比较用χ2检验。
共纳入90例,其中试验组45例、对照组45例。2组患者的性别、年龄、糖尿病病程、DN病程、DN分期、体重、eGFR水平和合并症指标等一般资料比较,在统计学上差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),组间具有可比性,见表1
治疗6个月后,2组患者的SCr、BUN和24 h 尿蛋白定量水平均显著降低,且试验组患者各项指标较对照组均显著降低,在统计学上差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),见表2
治疗6个月后,2组患者的IL-6、TNF-α和hs-cRP水平均显著降低,且试验组患者的IL-6、TNF-α和hs-cRP水平较对照组均显著降低,在统计学上差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),见表3
治疗6个月后,2组患者的TC、TG和LDL-C水平均显著降低,且试验组患者的TC、TG和LDL-C水平较对照组显著降低,在统计学上差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),见表4
治疗后,试验组的总有效率显著高于对照组,在统计学上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表5
试验组发生的药物不良反应有低血压3例、急性肾损伤1例、低血糖3例、高钾血症2例、瘙痒1例;对照组发生的药物不良反应有急性肾损伤1例、低血糖2例、高钾血症1例。试验组和对照组患者的药物不良反应总发生率分别为22.22%(10例/45例)和8.89%(4例/45例),在统计学上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
DN作为糖尿病最常见的微血管并发症之一,给老年患者带来沉重的健康负担[10]。DN不仅影响患者的肾功能,多伴随着脂质代谢紊乱和肾纤维化等病理改变[11]。最新研究表明,盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂在延缓DN进展方面展现出显著价值,非奈利酮作为非甾体类盐皮质激素受体阻断剂,在治疗DN方面展现出显著的疗效和独特的优势[12]
DN患者由于肾功能受损,导致肾小球滤过率下降,造成SCr和BUN水平上升,血浆白蛋白易于漏出而形成蛋白尿[13]。本研究显示,治疗6个月后,试验组患者变化更显著,提示相比于单用达格列净,联合非奈利酮能够更有效的改善老年DN患者的肾功能,与刘成功等[14]研究相似。达格列净是一种选择性钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2(sodium-glucose cotransporter 2,SGLT2)抑制剂,通过抑制SGLT2,降低对葡萄糖和钠的重吸收,促进尿糖和尿钠的排泄。而非奈利酮是一种非甾体类盐皮质激素受体拮抗药(mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, MRA),可以拮抗醛固酮的药物不良反应,减轻肾炎症反应和纤维化,降低肾小球内压,改善肾脏血流动力学[15]。2种药品联合使用能够从不同环节降低钠的重吸收,协同降低肾脏的高滤过状态,减轻肾负担。
目前,DN的具体发病机制尚不明确。有研究者提出,在糖尿病的发生及发展进程中,氧化应激系统与免疫系统的相互作用推动细胞结构及功能障碍的逐步发展,胰岛素抵抗引发微血管病变,最终造成肾功能损伤[16]。本研究显示,治疗6个月后,试验组患者的IL-6、TNF-α和hs-cRP水平较对照组显著降低,提示非奈利酮能够改善老年DN患者的微炎症状态。非奈利酮作为MRA,在糖尿病肾病进程中,可以拮抗盐皮质激素受体,减少促炎因子上调,抑制炎症通路,减少炎症细胞浸润与炎症介质释放,降低肾炎症反应[17],进而使hs-CRP等炎症标志物水平下降[18]。2者联合用药,通过不同机制发挥协同抗炎作用,而非奈利酮能够从源头抑制促炎因子上调。
对于DN患者,高LDL-C水平会促使脂质在血管壁上沉积,逐渐形成动脉粥样硬化斑块,不断累积并阻塞血管,影响肾脏的血液供应,对患者的肾功能造成损害[19]。本研究发现,试验组患者的TC、TG和LDL-C水平较对照组显著降低,提示非奈利酮能够降低老年DN患者的脂质代谢水平。非奈利酮通过拮抗盐皮质激素受体,可能对胰岛素敏感性产生积极影响,盐皮质激素受体过度激活会引发炎症和氧化应激,从而加剧胰岛素抵抗,而非奈利酮的抗炎和抗氧化特性可能有助于改善胰岛素信号通路,增强胰岛素敏感性。胰岛素敏感性提高后,肝脂质合成减少,脂肪组织对脂肪酸的摄取和储存能力增强,从而减少脂质的合成[20]。本研究显示,试验组的总有效率显著高于对照组,且试验组和的药物不良反应总发生率与对照组比较,在统计学上差异无统计学意义,提示非奈利酮应用于老年DN患者时,疗效及用药安全性良好。
本研究提示:与单用达格列净片相比,达格列净片联合非奈利酮片治疗老年DN能改善肾功能,调节脂质代谢,且用药安全性良好。
  • 无锡市卫生健康委员会资助科研基金资助项目(Q202248)
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doi: 10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2025.16.003
  • 接收时间:2025-04-30
  • 首发时间:2026-04-02
  • 出版时间:2025-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-30
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无锡市卫生健康委员会资助科研基金资助项目(Q202248)
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    中国人民解放军联勤保障部队 第九O四医院 内分泌科,江苏 无锡 214044

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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