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Outline
This study aims to improve the accuracy of ship motion prediction by proposing a gray-box modeling method for ship maneuvering motion, termed AE-LS-SVM, which combines the Alpha Evolution (AE) algorithm to optimize the Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM). The AE algorithm's superior global search capability was employed to optimize the hyperparameters of LS-SVM. The dataset in this study was obtained through ship maneuvering tests conducted using the Marine Systems Simulator (MSS). Based on the Abkowitz model, a three-Degree-of-Freedom (3-DOF) gray-box model of ship maneuvering motion was constructed, incorporating maneuvering variables and ship responses. The gray-box model established in this study was then subjected to comparative analysis with gray-box models developed using GWO-LS-SVM (Grey Wolf Optimizer) and PSO-LS-SVM (Particle Swarm Optimization) through maneuvering tests. Experimental results demonstrate that the AE-LS-SVM method achieves reductions in Mean Squared Error (MSE) of approximately 6% and 4%, reductions in Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 3.84% and 1.96%, and improvements in correlation coefficient (CC) of 0.13% and 0.04%, respectively, compared to the two benchmark methods. Additionally, the anti-interference capability of the proposed method was validated by introducing varying levels of noise into the training dataset to simulate measurement errors. The findings indicate that the AE-LS-SVM method exhibits high modeling accuracy and robust noise resistance, offering valuable support for ship motion prediction.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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