Clean and low-carbon development in the transportation sector is crucial for preventing, controlling and mitigating atmospheric environmental problems that threaten sustainable human health. Based on statistical data, sustainable development reports and pollution prevention and control plans for the five modes of transport, including railways, highways, waterways, civil aviation and urban transport, released by the relevant authorities, we have introduced rail-water intermodal transport, China-Europe express trains, high-speed rail passenger transport, Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) and 12 strategies to improve the quality of vehicle fuel, including enhancing port efficiency and maritime energy efficiency. Ship fuel quality; pollution control and emission reduction at solid and liquid bulk cargo terminals; enhancing civil aviation's energy conservation and emission reduction capabilities; electric public transport; and rail transit. A calculation model for reducing air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions was proposed based on the fuel method, transportation energy consumption, emission factors and alternative transportation volume. Twelve scenario emission reduction estimation methods based on analogy and statistical analysis were also proposed. Based on estimated reductions in fuel, air pollutants and CO₂, the effectiveness of clean and low-carbon development in comprehensive transportation has been reviewed since 2013. Prospects for the development of clean and low-carbon comprehensive transportation have been established in response to the problems and challenges we face.