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An optimization study of pilot scheduling and pilot training based on a two-stage heuristic algorithm
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Lei LIU1, 2, Jiaming XU3, Bo HU4
Navigation of China | 2025, 48(2) : 52 - 61
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Navigation of China | 2025, 48(2): 52-61
• Marine Traffic Safety •
An optimization study of pilot scheduling and pilot training based on a two-stage heuristic algorithm
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Lei LIU1, 2, Jiaming XU3, Bo HU4
Affiliations
  • 1.Education Department, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
  • 2.Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
  • 3.Student Employment Guidance Center, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
  • 4.Pilot Dispatch Department, Dalian Port Pilot Station, Dalian 116007, China
Published: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4653.2025.02.008
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Optimising pilot scheduling can reduce working hours and labour costs for pilots, while offering new approaches to pilot training. This paper addresses the scheduling of pilots for inbound and outbound vessels in a one-way waterway by establishing a joint optimisation model, with the aim of minimising total vessel waiting time, total pilot working hours and labour costs. It proposes a two-stage heuristic algorithm that combines an imperialist competitive algorithm, an adaptive evolutionary strategy, and a variable neighbourhood search (VNS) algorithm. Case studies and comparative experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and algorithm. Compared with the traditional first-come, first-served (FCFS) rule, the proposed approach reduces pilots' average working hours and labour costs by 17.4% and 12.4%, respectively. Therefore, integrating the model and algorithm into pilot training programmes or operational guidelines could enhance coordination among port departments, improve organisational efficiency and service quality, and support the development of green and smart ports.

pilot scheduling  /  two-stage heuristic algorithm  /  education and training
Lei LIU, Jiaming XU, Bo HU. An optimization study of pilot scheduling and pilot training based on a two-stage heuristic algorithm[J]. Navigation of China, 2025 , 48 (2) : 52 -61 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4653.2025.02.008
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Article Info
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4653.2025.02.008
  • Receive Date：2024-04-17
  • Online Date：2026-03-17
  • Published：2025-06-25
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  • Received：2024-04-17
Affiliations
    1.Education Department, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
    2.Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
    3.Student Employment Guidance Center, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
    4.Pilot Dispatch Department, Dalian Port Pilot Station, Dalian 116007, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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