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Outline
Perovskite solar cells represent a new generation of photovoltaic technology. Their laboratory efficiency has exceeded 27%. However, their poor stability remains a major obstacle to industrialization. The efficiency degradation comes from four core issues: defect-induced non-radiative recombination, ion migration, interface energy level mismatch and chemical reactions, as well as environmental erosion from moisture, oxygen, light and heat. The common root cause of these problems is the large number of coordination-unsaturated sites on the surfaces, grain boundaries and interfaces of perovskite materials. Sulfur-based molecules possess soft Lewis base characteristics, tunable molecular structures and hydrophobic properties, which can form strong interactions with these sites. Therefore, they can synergistically repair the photoelectric conversion process from four aspects: defect passivation, crystallization control, moisture-oxygen barrier construction and interface energy level modulation. This paper systematically reviews the physicochemical nature of the above limiting factors. It also elaborates on the core mechanisms of sulfur-based molecules. Recent representative works are summarized. Finally, future directions for sulfur-based molecules in perovskite photovoltaics are discussed.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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