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To achieve high-precision recognition of wall hollowing sound signals and improve multi-category detection accuracy, a multi-feature fusion method for wall hollowing detection based on BO-SVM was proposed. First, the collected knocking sound signals from different wall types were preprocessed by pre-emphasis, framing, and windowing, and both MFCC and MSC were extracted. The two acoustic features were concatenated at the frame level and normalized to construct a fused feature dataset. Then, a BO-SVM classification model was developed, and the kernel function penalty and parameters were optimized using five-fold cross-validation to establish the MFCC+MSC-BO-SVM model. Finally, classification experiments were conducted using hollow and non-hollow from multiple wall types, including cement, coating, marble, and ceramic tile walls. The results show that the fused features outperform single features in terms of accuracy, recall, and F1-score. The MFCC+MSC-BO-SVM model achieves an overall recognition accuracy of 96.36%, representing improvements of 6.61%, 9.58%, 15.27%, 13.90%, and 5.02% compared with standard SVM, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, Grid Search-optimized SVM, and Chaos Particle Swarm Optimization SVM respectively. Furthermore, the BO method can obtain the optimal parameter combination with fewer iterations, showing superior convergence and classification stability.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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