To study the impact of cognitive bias on energy safety engineering decision-making, the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident was taken as the research object. A full-cycle decision-making analysis chain, covering risk identification (earthquake and tsunami assessment), crisis disposal (cooling system failure treatment), and aftermath management (information disclosure decision-making), was built through retrospective analysis of the accident timeline and key decision points. Cognitive psychology theory was used to analyze decision-making bias phenomena in energy engineering safety management, and the specific mechanisms of these biases in emergency response and risk assessment were revealed. Results show that six typical cognitive biases are present in the emergency decision-making during this accident, including confirmation bias, anchoring effect, representative heuristics, framing effect, loss aversion, and overconfidence. This analysis demonstrates that cognitive bias identification can enhance energy engineering safety management, and improve the effectiveness of safety emergency responses.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |