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In order to evaluate comprehensive driving risk in interchange ramp areas, a real-vehicle test was conducted on Chongqing interchange groups, focusing on three typical ramps: right-turn directional, left-turn semi-directional, and small-radius loop ramps. Drivers' electrocardiographic data and vehicle operation status were collected by PhysioLAB and Speedbox, respectively, when passing through ramps. Psychological load and vehicle operation risks of the three ramps were analyzed, and an improved entropy-weighted Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution(TOPSIS) method was used to construct and evaluate a comprehensive driving risk model. Results show four HRI change patterns: convex curve, continuous increase, continuous decrease and concave curve. Heart Rate Increase (HRI) in right-turn directional ramps first decreases, then increases, in left-turn semi-directional ramps, it first increases, then decreases near diverging/merging points, in small-radius loop ramps, it fluctuates significantly there. Vehicle operation risk is highest in ramp sections, increasing with smaller radii. The level of vehicle operation risk is small-radius loop ramp greater than left-turn semi-directional ramp, greater than right-turn directional ramp. Comprehensive driving risk peaks in ramp sections, widely distributed in split/confluence areas and peaking shortly after diversion points.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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