To enhance the recovery, learning, and renewal capabilities of IEMS, an ecological perspective was adopted to systematically analyze its connotation, structure, characteristics, and operation mechanisms. By examining the niche control process and ecosystem properties, the dynamic evolution, synergistic symbiosis, information dependence, and openness of IEMS were revealed. Based on the principle of adaptability, an intelligent emergency collaboration body was constructed, emphasizing the importance of multi-agent synergy. Furthermore, resource allocation and response processes were optimized through fractal theory and a dual-chain operational optimization strategy, thereby improving the system's operational efficiency and resilience. Ultimately, a "five-dimension" pattern was established to jointly shape the system's self-learning mechanism. The results show that, from an ecological perspective, IEMS maintains systemic stability through niche control and transforms from passive defense to proactive response through its self-adaptive, self-organizing, self-correcting, and self-learning characteristics.