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In order to study the smoke transport characteristics of rail train with lateral multi-opening and optimize the emergency response strategy for fire rescue，a rail train model was built using PyroSim software based on the engineering entity structure and numerical simulation was conducted. Focusing on the lateral opening as a connecting channel between the inside and outside of the train carriage，the influence of the lateral opening mode on the smoke transport characteristics inside the train was discussed and analyzed. The results show that the lateral opening mode has a significant effect on the smoke transport inside the train，including the smoke spreading speed and the smoke distribution in the stable stage. Compared with the disordered smoke and full coverage in the height direction in the section without opening the lateral opening，the smoke in the section with opening the lateral opening can maintain stable stratification，which is conducive to the safe evacuation and rescue of personnel. The smoke temperature distribution under the train ceiling is more consistent with the double exponential attenuation law，and is affected by the coupling of the opening mode and the fire power. The temperature attenuation rate of the opening section is more significantly affected by the fire power in the asymmetric opening. In addition，although the opening is conducive to the formation of a safe environment inside the train，it is also necessary to consider the impact of the fire smoke spilling into the outer space of the train through the opening to make a comprehensive judgment of emergency response.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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