In order to study the evacuation of passengers in a train fire in a vacuum tube transportation system and the smoke spreading law，The fire numerical simulation software FDS and the personnel simulation evacuation software Pathfinder were used to study the evacuation of passengers in case of fire in a high-speed train compartment consisting of 5 cars in a low-vacuum tunnel. Comprehensively comparing the evacuation time，the degree of smoke spread and the CO concentration in 10 evacuation schemes，the best evacuation method for passengers was obtained，and a rescue vehicle was designed to assist evacuation by docking the door of the high-speed train. The results show that: when the passengers in the fire compartment are evacuated to the neighboring compartments，the best evacuation method for the passengers is to leave the two rows of passengers close to the doorway and the rows of passengers close to the fire source at the same time，and then evacuate the passengers row by row by the distance from the fire source from near to far. If the rescue vehicle is used to assist the rescue，when the fire occurs in compartment 1，compartment 2，or compartment 3，the total time to complete the evacuation of all passengers after the arrival of the rescue vehicle is 533，586，and 376 s，respectively. When a fire occurs in compartment 1，the utilization time of door 1 is 200 s; when a fire occurs in compartment 2，the utilization time of door 1 is 145 s; when a fire occurs in compartment 3，the utilization rate of the two doors is more balanced. Therefore，during the actual evacuation，passengers can be guided to fully utilize the two doors in the form of voice announcements to save the evacuation time. The research results can provide a reliable reference basis for the emergency rescue of passengers in future low vacuum tunnel train fires.