In order to prevent fire accidents in subway stations and deeply understand the internal relations and hierarchical structure among the influencing factors of fire evacuation in subway stations，63 fire evacuation accidents in subway stations were analyzed based on the sixth edition of 24Model，and the interaction among various factors was fully considered，and 19 key factors affecting fire evacuation in subway stations were extracted to establish an index system of influencing factors of fire evacuation in subway stations. C-OWA was used to improve DEMATEL to determine the important influencing factors of fire evacuation in subway stations. On this basis，ISM was used to analyze the hierarchical structure and interaction path of various factors，and a multi-level hierarchical structure model of the influencing factors of subway station fire evacuation was constructed. Research results show that evacuation guidance，panic herd behavior and crowded people are the key influencing factors for the evacuation of people in subway station fires. The evacuation of fire personnel in the subway station is influenced by surface factors，intermediate factors and deep factors. Among them，evacuation education and training，facilities maintenance and inspection，evacuation plan and other factors are the root causes. Paying attention to the improvement of root causes was conducive to preventing and controlling accidents in essence.