In order to further ensure the safety of railway operation，this article conducted a survey and analysis on the fatigue factors of railway train dispatchers. Firstly，according to the characteristics of the work content of railway train dispatchers，a fatigue causation evaluation index system for railway train dispatchers was established based on extensive literature review，consultation with railway train dispatching experts and human factors engineering experts. The index system consists of four first-level indicators: work content，job rotation arrangement，personnel quality，and external factors，as well as 18 second-level indicators. Secondly，AWAHP method was used to calculate the weight of different experts' own evaluation were calculated and the final weights of the final indicators were obtained. Finally，the dispatch center of a certain railway bureau was taken as an example for a comprehensive evaluation of the impact weights of dispatcher fatigue-cause factors based on AWAHP. The results show that emergency response，operation time period，continuous operation time，railway busy degree，and work complexity are the significant factors affecting dispatcher fatigue. The key factors of railway train dispatcher fatigue were effectively identified，and analysis and countermeasures were proposed for the key factors.