To quantitatively analyze the coupling relationship between risk factors of personal injury and death accidents in Chinese electricity production and identify key risk factors，these risk factors were categorized into four dimensions: human，machine，environment and management based on the 4M accident causation theory. Utilizing grounded theory，32 secondary risk factors were identified，and the coupling methods were categorized into three types: multi-factor，double-factor and single-factor risk coupling. Drawing from investigation reports of 196 personal injury and death accidents in Chinese electricity production from 2016 to 2022，the N-K model was used to measure the coupling level of risk factors，while DEMATEL method was used to pinpoint key risk factors. Finally，the countermeasures and suggestions for risk prevention and control were put forward. This study shows that the frequency of accidents is closely related to the coupling level of risk factors，and the coupling level of risk factors is proportional to the number of participating factors. The risk coupling value of the four types of risk factors is 0.162 8，indicating the highest coupling level. The risk value of human factors participating in the risk coupling is relatively high，followed by the risk values of management and environmental factors. Among the three-factor risk couplings，the human-machine-environment risk coupling has the highest risk value at 0.104 7. For the double-factor risk couplings，the human-environment risk coupling has the highest risk value at 0.05. Both risk couplings involve human risk factors. The failure to implement safety production investment and main responsibility，illegal operations and illegal command and decision-making are the key factors in the coupling effect of risk factors of personal injury accidents in electricity production，and priority should be given to prevention and control.