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Experiment on performance and thermal stability of ternary lithium-ion batteries after over-discharge cycles
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Mi'na Ma1, Chenyu Zhang1, Yanhui Zhang1, Mingming Chen1, Mengrao Liu1, Qingsong Wang**, 2
China Safety Science Journal | 2026, 36(4) : 160 - 167
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China Safety Science Journal | 2026, 36(4): 160-167
• Safety Technology and Engineering •
Experiment on performance and thermal stability of ternary lithium-ion batteries after over-discharge cycles
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Mi'na Ma1, Chenyu Zhang1, Yanhui Zhang1, Mingming Chen1, Mengrao Liu1, Qingsong Wang**, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Safety Engineering and Emergency Management, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang Hebei 050043, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China
Published: 2026-04-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.04.1484
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To enhance the long-term stability and safety of lithium-ion batteries, a study on potential safety hazards caused by over-discharge was conducted. Aiming at the over-discharge/recharge phenomenon that the lithium-ion batteries may encounter in practical applications such as new energy electric vehicles and electrochemical energy storage, ternary lithium-ion batteries were examined. Through cycle tests and Hybrid Pulse Power Characteristic(HPPC) tests, adiabatic accelerating rate calorimetry was employed to investigate thermal runaway. The effects of over-discharge/recharge cycles on electrical characteristics—such as discharge capacity, DC internal resistance, and incremental capacity—as well as on the thermal runaway characteristic parameters under adiabatic conditions, were analyzed. The results show that over-discharge cycling accelerates battery capacity decay and increases internal resistance, with a particularly notable rise in DC internal resistance in the low state-of-charge region. However, after short-term cycling, prolonged resting allows partial capacity recovery. Over-discharge cycles also reduce the thermal stability of batteries, lower the self-heating onset temperature, and shorten the thermal runaway time compared to fresh batteries and normally cycled batteries, although the maximum thermal runaway temperature is relatively lower.

lithium-ion batteries  /  over-discharge cycles  /  thermal stability  /  discharge capacity(DC)  /  thermal runaway
Mi'na Ma, Chenyu Zhang, Yanhui Zhang, Mingming Chen, Mengrao Liu, Qingsong Wang. Experiment on performance and thermal stability of ternary lithium-ion batteries after over-discharge cycles[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026 , 36 (4) : 160 -167 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.04.1484
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Article Info
doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.04.1484
  • Receive Date：2025-10-15
  • Online Date：2026-07-08
  • Published：2026-04-28
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  • Received：2025-10-15
  • Revised：2026-01-04
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Affiliations
    1School of Safety Engineering and Emergency Management, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang Hebei 050043, China
    2State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China
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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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