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To develop a novel and effective fire-extinguishing agent dedicated to lithium-ion batteries, this study established an experimental platform. Experiments were conducted on 20 Ah lithium-ion phosphate batteries to investigate the inhibitory efficacy of dry ice on the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries. Experimental results indicate that dry ice can successfully inhibit the thermal runaway process of lithium-ion batteries: specifically, spraying 1.5 kg of dry ice in the experiment effectively blocked the early-stage thermal runaway of the battery. Furthermore, the inhibitory efficacy of dry ice on battery thermal runaway shows a positive correlation with its spray amount—increasing the dry ice spray amount to 2.6 kg enabled successful suppression of the battery's severe thermal runaway stage. In addition, the phase change heat absorption rate of dry ice is positively correlated with the ambient temperature gradient; however, the cooling rate and effective utilization rate of dry ice do not increase with the rise in spray amount or ambient temperature. In the experiment, when the dry ice spray amount was increased from 0.65 kg to 2.6 kg before battery pressure relief, both the cooling rate and effective utilization rate of dry ice exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Moreover, as the severity of thermal runaway and ambient temperature increased, the two decreased from 67.5% and 7.8% to 15.4% and 4.1%, respectively. This study may provide a reference for the development of lithium-ion batteries fire-extinguishing agents.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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