To address the problems of information distortion, transmission interruption, and response failure in emergency information systems during urban extreme rainstorm disasters, the study first identified five categories of risk—information source, information acquisition, information storage, information processing, and information transmission—from the perspective of the information processing lifecycle. Taking "7·20" Zhengzhou rainstorm event as a case, the risk factors of emergency information were systematically revealed. Subsequently, the connotation of emergency information resilience was defined, and a resilience structure was constructed. Finally, a "risk-resilience" coupling theoretical framework of emergency information resilience for urban extreme rainstorm disasters was established. The Results show that emergency information resilience is formed by the coupled effect of institutional resilience, social resilience, organizational resilience, and physical resilience. The theoretical framework of emergency information resilience consists of four stages. Including scientific construction of information resilience, integration of information risk early warning and response, cutting off the path of information risk diffusion, and enhancing the adaptability of information systems. The theoretical framework of the role of urban mega-rainstorm disaster emergency information resilience constructed in the text significantly improves the absorption capacity, recovery capacity and adaptability of information systems in response to complex disaster impacts.