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In order to study the influence characteristics of different driving conditions on driving behavior of small-clearance interchanges, eye tracker was used to collect the drivers' eye movement data in the real vehicle experiment. k-medoids dynamic clustering method was used to divide the drivers' visual interest area. A comparative analysis of gaze behavior and saccade characteristics of drivers was conducted of under mainline entry and exit conditions at conventional clear-distance and small-clearance interchanges and across different driving stages. The driving behavior characteristics of drivers under high-density interchange of the expressway were revealed. The results show that drivers mainly focus on the area of road ahead and instrument panel, and they also pay special attention to the area of the left mirror when driving into mainline conditions. The 500 ms gaze time is a common time window for drivers to capture key information. The mean value of the gaze time on small-clearance interchange is higher than that on regular-clearance interchanges. There is a clear bias in observing the horizontal and vertical information in different driving phases. The mean gaze duration was higher in the small-clearance interchanges than in the conventional interchanges. The reduction of clear distance of the interchanges increases drivers' scanning amplitude and changed the scanning direction, which is most obvious in the interweaving section. The scanning amplitude is uniformly distributed in the range of 200 px. There is no significant difference in the mean distribution of fixation time between drivers of different driving ages. There is no significant monotonic relationship between the drivers' gaze duration and scanning speed and amplitude, while there is a significant positive correlation between scanning speed and amplitude of scanning.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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