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A VR particle fire-extinguishing algorithm based on heat transfer and firefighting training system construction
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Zheng WEN, Jianqin ZHANG**, Ao TIAN, Chaonan HU
China Safety Science Journal | 2025, 35(10) : 157 - 165
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China Safety Science Journal | 2025, 35(10): 157-165
Public safety
A VR particle fire-extinguishing algorithm based on heat transfer and firefighting training system construction
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Zheng WEN, Jianqin ZHANG**, Ao TIAN, Chaonan HU
Affiliations
  • School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
Published: 2025-10-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.10.1529
Outline
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To enhance the immersion and effectiveness of fire training and improve the interactive experience of acquiring fire-extinguishing skills, a VR particle fire-extinguishing algorithm based on a heat transfer was proposed and developed on a VR platform. First, a thermodynamic interaction model at the particles level was constructed by introducing a heat transfer mechanism to simulate the energy transfer process between extinguishing agent particles and flame particles. Then, the random walk algorithm was combined with the vortex dynamics model to enhance the natural behavior of the particle system during spraying, diffusion, and turbulence, thereby improving the dynamic realism of flame propagation and fire suppression. Finally, a VR-based fire training system featuring multiple typical fire scenarios was developed based on the Unity 3D engine, and simulation experiments were conducted to validate the matching relationship between different types of fire extinguishers and fire categories. The results show that the collision frequency and energy attenuation curves between extinguishing particles and flame particles vary significantly depending on the extinguisher type and its applicable scenario. Furthermore, the flame decay rate governed by the heat transfer model is closely related to the type of fire extinguisher, effectively reflecting the physical patterns of fire suppression processes.

heat transfer  /  virtual reality (VR)  /  particle fire-extinguishing  /  Unity 3D  /  firefighting training  /  particle collision
Zheng WEN, Jianqin ZHANG, Ao TIAN, Chaonan HU. A VR particle fire-extinguishing algorithm based on heat transfer and firefighting training system construction[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025 , 35 (10) : 157 -165 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.10.1529
Year 2025 volume 35 Issue 10
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.10.1529
  • Receive Date:2025-05-11
  • Online Date:2026-07-09
  • Published:2025-10-28
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  • Received:2025-05-11
  • Revised:2025-07-12
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    School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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