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The problem of load identification denotes identifying loads based on the measurement of structural responses，which is the inverse problem in structural dynamics. A load identification method based on time-delay neural network is proposed in this paper，and numerical examples based on simulation and experiments are provided to show that the method overperforms normal back-propagation neural network in accuracy of identification. Additionally，statistic pooling is introduced on the basis of the method，and it is proved that the method performs well in noisy environment compared with BP neural networks. based on the load identification methods mentioned above，a sensor placement optimization based on particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed，and the optimal sensor placement is able to reduce the error of identification by 90% compared with the random sensor placements，meanwhile the minimum spacing of installation among sensors is also ensured during the optimization.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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