Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality rates in the global. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas have achieved breakthrough progress in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) and serving as adjuvant therapy for lung cancer. However, due to the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway synergistic effects of TCM formulas, elucidating their mechanisms of regulating TME remains a significant challenge. This review systematically summarizes TCM’s understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of lung cancer, as well as clinical treatment principles. It further explores the molecular mechanisms by which TCM regulates tumor immune microenvironments and provide insights into future research strategies for deciphering the mechanisms underlying the regulation of TME by TCM formulas. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for understanding TCM-mediated TME regulation against lung cancer and promoting the precise application of TCM formulas in clinical lung cancer treatment.

lung cancer  /  Chinese medicine formula  /  immune regulation  /  precision medicine  /  tumor immune microenvironment