The dynamic balance of the immunometabolic network constitutes the core of maintaining organismal homeostasis, and the close crosstalk between immune cell functional remodeling and metabolic reprogramming exerts a pivotal regulatory role in the occurrence and progression of diseases. Adhering to the core characteristic of holistic regulation and treatment based on syndrome differentiation, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) features the inherent advantages of multi-component and multi-target actions, which are highly consistent with the systematic regulatory demands of the immunometabolic network. This paper systematically reviews the application paradigms of modern technologies including high-throughput sequencing, single-cell metabolomics and metabolic flux analysis in TCM immunometabolism research, and focuses on elaborating the metabolic regulatory mechanisms of TCM monomers (flavonoids, polysaccharides, saponins, etc.) and compound prescriptions on core immune cells such as macrophages, T cells, dendritic cells, B cells and neutrophils. Meanwhile, it analyzes the key bottlenecks in current research, including the unbalanced research on immune cell subtypes, ambiguous correlation between active components and target networks, and the disconnection between TCM syndrome types and metabolic phenotypes. Furthermore, innovative research directions are proposed, such as multi-omics technology integration, artificial intelligence-assisted target prediction and correlation analysis of syndrome type-metabolic phenotype, so as to provide a scientific basis and practical reference for the modernization of TCM and the metabolic regulatory therapy for immune-related diseases.

immunometabolism  /  metabolic reprogramming  /  immunometabolism research techniques  /  multi-omics technology integration  /  artificial intelligence-assisted target prediction  /  “syndrome type-metabolic phenotype” association analysis  /  metabolic regulation