Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a complex pathogenesis and a lack of effective clinical treatments. Shichangpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma) is the most commonly used single herb in clinical practice for the prevention and management of AD, recognized for its cognitive-enhancing and phlegm-resolving properties. By integrating advances in research on AD pathological mechanisms, this study synthesizes current knowledge regarding the active components of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma—including volatile components, alkaloids, organic acids, and terpenes—and their mechanisms of action in AD prevention and treatment. Evidence indicates that Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and its bioactive constituents exert anti-AD effects through multiple pathways, such as suppressing neuroinflammation, inhibiting oxidative stress, enhancing cholinergic function, and restoring blood-brain barrier integrity. These findings underscore its multi-component, multi-target therapeutic potential in AD intervention. This review provides a theoretical basis for the rational clinical application of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and offers new perspectives for elucidating its modern pharmacological mechanisms.

Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma  /  Alzheimer’s disease  /  active ingredient  /  Aβ deposition  /  Tau hyperphosphorylation  /  neuroinflammation  /  oxidative stress  /  autophagy  /  cholinergic dysfunction  /  calcium homeostasis disruption  /  blood-brain barrier