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To investigate the feasibility of parallel capillary bundle arrays for physiomimetic impedance modeling and establish a parametric quantification framework, thereby providing a customizable impedance characterization methodology for diverse in-vitro mock circulation researches.
Based on the parallel flow resistance and Poiseuille equation, a tube resistance element with multiple parallel-aligned capillary glass tubes was designed and fabricated. The resistance values of the capillary-bundle and a ball valve were measured through constant flow experiments analogous to electrical resistance measurement method. Moreover, a simple lumped-parameter mock circulation loop was constructed and the pressure and flow rate for each node of the loop were measured under different input flow waveforms. An 0D-Windkessel model corresponding to the experiment was developed. The impedance and compliance were adjusted to match the simulated and experimental pressure and flow waveforms. The accuracy of the capillary bundle impedance in pulsatile experiments was verified by using the computational resistance values.
The constant-flow impedance calibration experiments revealed that the capillary bundle impedance remained unaffected by flow rate variations over a wide flow range. When the capillary bundle impedance was integrated into the pulsatile circulatory system and the same impedance value obtained from the constant-flow calibration was applied in the computational model, the resulting pressure and flow waveforms showed good agreement with those measured in the pulsatile experiments. However, when the ball valves with nominally identical impedance values were inserted in the pulsatile system, the calculated impedance exhibited a two-fold difference, and significant discrepancies were observed between the simulated and experimental terminal flow waveforms.
The capillary bundle impedance maintains a constant value regardless of flow rate variations. Once the calibrated resistance value is determined through constant flow experiments, it can be directly applied to pulsatile systems. This approach can provide quantitative pulsatile flow conditions for testing various medical devices.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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