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To investigate the therapeutic effects of copper-doped barium titanate (BaCuTiO4) piezoelectric materials combined with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) to activate their piezoelectric-catalytic synergistic effect for treating implant-associated infections.
BaCuTiO4 coatings were synthesized on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V substrates using a hydrothermal method, and their surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The piezoelectric characteristics of the coatings were analyzed using a piezoresponse force microscope. An in vitro biofilm model of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was used, with barium titanate (BaTiO3) coatings serving as the control group. Under LIPUS intervention (1.0 W/cm2, 1 MHz, 10 min), the bacterial viability was assessed using colony counting to evaluate the antibacterial performance of the BaCuTiO4 coatings. Confocal microscopy was used to observe biofilm viability in different groups, assessing the biofilm removal capability of the coatings. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in each group was detected using Rhodamine b as a probe to evaluate the catalytic efficiency of the coatings in generating ROS.
Copper doping significantly reduced the piezoelectric coefficient of the coating (from 17.7 pm/V to 7.8 pm/V), bringing its piezoelectric performance closer to the requirements of natural bone tissues. Under LIPUS activation, the BaCuTiO4 coatings increased the generation efficiency of reactive oxygen species by 67.5% and effectively disrupted and removed biofilms formed by MRSA, achieving an antibacterial rate of 90.5%.
The BaCuTiO4 coatings achieve efficient antibacterial and biofilmclearing functions through a piezoelectric-catalytic synergistic mechanism. Their piezoelectric properties are well-matched with natural bone tissues, promoting implant osseointegration.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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