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To investigate stress distributions of the knee joint at 0 and 15th day after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) under a compressive force through the axis of the femoral shaft onto the proximal femur.
A three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of the human knee joint incorporating viscoelastic material properties was developed. The one-dimensional (1D) Prony series viscoelastic constitutive model parameters for articular cartilage, menisci, ligaments, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts were determined by fitting experimental creep curves. The viscoelastic parameters of ACL grafts at 15th day after ACLR surgery were extrapolated. Finite element simulations were then performed to analyze the von Mises stress distributions in knee ligaments, ACL grafts, articular cartilage, and menisci under 1.5 kN vertical downward compressive load applied to the femur, with loading durations of 1 second and 600 seconds.
At 15th day after ACLR surgery, the initial relaxation modulus and equilibrium modulus of human ACL grafts remained elevated compared to native ACL tissues, resulting in a significantly higher stress concentration within the grafts relative to healthy ACL. Despite the compromised mechanical properties of the grafts after ACLR surgery, the vertical downward compressive force applied to the femur under both short-term (1 s) and prolonged (600 s) loading durations, exhibited a minimal biomechanical impact on articular cartilage and meniscal structures.
Following ACLR, vertical compressive loads during weight-bearing rehabilitation exercises such as standing demonstrate minimal impact on articular cartilage and meniscus, while promoting fibrous regeneration of the graft. This renders such exercises a prudent early-stage rehabilitation strategy. Graft preparation requires balanced consideration of elastic and viscous properties, with grafts exhibiting higher relaxation modulus and viscosity coefficient than healthy ACL proving more effective in maintaining early postoperative knee stability.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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