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The problem of soil cutting widely exists in engineering fields such as tunnelling, port and waterway dredging, geological drilling, and civil construction. Accurately characterizing the three-dimensional soil failure surface in front of the cutting tool during the soil cutting process is of great significance for analyzing soil disturbance states, evaluating tool cutting performance, and understanding soil-tool interaction mechanisms. A nonlinear elastoplastic damage-based constitutive model is employed to describe the deformation and failure process of soil. Based on the characteristics of damage energy dissipation per unit area of the soil medium, a new numerical method is proposed to directly characterize the three-dimensional soil failure surface. Numerical simulations of flat-tool cutting processes under various operating conditions verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed characterization method. The influence of cutting angle and depth on the width, rupture distance, soil disturbance area, and shear failure angle of the three-dimensional soil failure surface is discussed in combination with theoretical calculations. Furthermore, the shape of the three-dimensional soil failure surface for complex-shaped tools obtained through this numerical method is consistent with experimental results, further validating the applicability of the proposed method for complex tool scenarios.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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