Full
Outline
Intermediate and low level radioactive waste accounts for the vast majority of the volume in nuclear energy development and application, but has relatively low radioactivity. Its solidification treatment is a key process for ensuring environmental and public health safety. This research deeply investigated the core characteristics of intermediate and low level radioactive waste, including complex nuclide composition, associated harmful substances, and large production volume with wide distribution. It also analyzed mainstream solidification technologies, focusing on cement solidification and bitumen solidification. The principles, technical features, performance parameters, research progress, and limitations of cement solidification were elaborated. The advantages and disadvantages of bitumen solidification, as well as its domestic and international research progress and key performance indicators, were analyzed. In response to challenges such as the complexity of waste composition, stringent requirements for solidified waste forms, cost and environmental control pressures, and updated regulatory standards, future LILW solidification technologies will focus on the development of novel solidification materials, innovative solidification processes, waste minimization and resource utilization, deep integration of intelligence and automation, and strengthen international cooperation and standardization. These efforts aim to achieve more efficient, economical, environmentally friendly, and safe solutions, providing strong support for the sustainable development of nuclear energy.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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