The development of nuclear energy plays a vital role in the adjustment of national energy structure and environmental sustainability. The stable supply of natural uranium is essential for nuclear energy development. Given China's relatively limited terrestrial uranium reserves, extracting uranium resources from the vast oceanic territories holds significant strategic value. However, the complex and variable marine environment presents considerable challenges for conventional adsorbent materials and technologies to effectively separate uranium at extremely low concentrations, necessitating the urgent development of specialized adsorbent materials for uranium extraction from seawater. In recent years, researchers domestically and internationally have developed numerous uranium separation materials and conducted promising practical trials under seawater conditions. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress in various seawater uranium extraction technologies based on the characteristics of different adsorbent materials, addresses the multifaceted technical challenges encountered in uranium extraction under real seawater conditions, and provides insights into future prospects for the development of uranium extraction technologies from seawater.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |