Phased construction is one of the characteristics of tailings pond spillway, and the hydraulic characteristics of the spillway vary greatly at different stages of operation. Based on the VOF method and RNG k-ε turbulence model, the flow pattern, velocity and energy dissipation rate of the initial design scheme and optimization design scheme of the spillway were simulated by Flow-3D. The results show that the flow pattern during the infrastructure period is relatively smooth, the shape of the spillway is reasonable, while the spillway in the built-up stage has problems such as steep slope in the stepped section and the water surface line extends beyond the side walls. The flow pattern of the optimized spillway is good, the maximum flow velocity in the spillway is about 17.31 m/s and the energy dissipation rate is about 78.53%, the shape of the optimized spillway is reasonable. The research results can be used to guide the design of spillway under phased construction.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |