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The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and chlorophyll a concentration, which are typical water quality parameters re-lated to the spectrum, serve as important indicators for reflecting the degree of water pollution and eutrophication. Support Vector Regression (SVR) is suitable for small sample sizes and widely utilized in remote sensing retrieval of typical offshore water quality parameters; however, it faces challenges in model parameter selection and may easily fall into local optimal solutions. To address this issue, an Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm (ISSA) is developed by integrating reverse learning and simulated annealing. An enhanced support vector regression model (ISA-SVR) is proposed by refining the Sparrow algorithm to optimize the penalty coeffi-cient and kernel parameters of the SVR model. Inversion models for COD and Chl-a concentrations are established using measured water spectra and data on water quality parameters. The accuracy of the model is validated using Sentinel-2 satellite remote sensing spectral data, yielding inversion accuracies for each water quality parameter concentration. The mean relative error (MRE) of the COD concentration prediction model and Chl-a concentration prediction model based on ISSA algorithm optimized SVR are 20.02%and 30.17%, respectively, outperforming other models such as linear regression, SVR, and SSA-SVR models. Experimental results demonstrate that ISA-SVR algorithm represents an effective approach for remotely sensed retrieval of COD and Chl-a concentrations while offering valuable insights for subsequent scientific management of offshore water quality.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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