Given the vulnerability of satellite signals to interference, the research on anti-jamming algorithms based on array antennas becomes crucial to ensure the reliable positioning accuracy of GNSS receivers. However, the existing variable step-size power inversion algorithms rely on the single regulation mechanism of instantaneous energy, which have insufficient stability in the dynamic interference scenarios. This paper proposes a variable step-size anti-jamming algorithm modified by power change rate, and this method adds the power change rate to correct the step-size variation based on the original variable step-size. Through the dual adjustment mechanism of input power normalization and output power change rate correction, the proposed algorithm is promoted to restore quickly the stable convergence state after an abrupt power change. This method effectively mitigates the violent oscillation of the weights caused by rapid power changes, improving both the convergence speed and robustness of the algorithm in the dynamic interference environment. Simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithm achieves faster convergence speed and deeper null depths than a single adjustment mechanism relying solely on instantaneous energy. Moreover, it can effectively cope with the impact of abrupt changes in signal power on interference suppression, thereby reducing interference signal power.