With the rapid development of smart vehicles and autonomous driving technology, high-precision 3D navigation has emerged as a crucial supporting technology. However, the limitations of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) in terms of accurate elevation positioning and complex, variable highway traffic scenarios have posed constraints on autonomous and intelligent driving systems. This paper proposes a BDS+5G integrated positioning model based on adaptive Kalman filtering technology, aiming to address the decline in positioning accuracy caused by signal occlusion, signal loss, and multipath effects in complex highway traffic environments. By constructing an integrated positioning vector equation and introducing innovation vectors and robust factors, the model achieves adaptive suppression of measurement noise, thereby enhancing positioning accuracy. Field tests conducted at the Liuxia Hub on the Hangzhou Beltway Expressway, coupled with superimposed validation using 3D high-precision laser point cloud maps, demonstrate that this model can significantly improve positioning performance in complex traffic environments, with an elevation positioning error of less than 0.2 m, capable of supporting 3D lane-level navigation. This validates the application potential of BDS+5G hybrid positioning technology in the field of smart vehicles and autonomous driving.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |