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Design of LEO Satellite Constellation for Space-Based Monitoring
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Kai WANG1, 2, 3, Dong LI4, Weiguang GAO2, 3, Wei ZHENG1, Xiaoli SONG4, Wenhai JIAO2, 3, Changjiang GENG4
Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command | 2025, 46(5) : 10 - 19
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Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command | 2025, 46(5): 10-19
• Navigation Technology Column •
Design of LEO Satellite Constellation for Space-Based Monitoring
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Kai WANG1, 2, 3, Dong LI4, Weiguang GAO2, 3, Wei ZHENG1, Xiaoli SONG4, Wenhai JIAO2, 3, Changjiang GENG4
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
  • 2.Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing 100094, China
  • 3.National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Spatial Information, Beijing 100094, China
  • 4.Beijing Research Institute of Telemetry, Beijing 100094, China
Published: 2025-09-15 doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20250618002
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In order to improve the orbit determination accuracy of BDS satellites and solve the problem of limited construction of BDS ground stations, this paper proposes a solution using a LEO constellation as a space-based monitoring station. Two indicators were proposed to evaluate the monitoring performance of LEO constellations: Monitoring coverage factor and Satellite Position Dilution of Precision(SPDOP), and different configuration parameters of LEO constellations were optimized, including orbital altitude, number of orbital planes, orbital inclination angle, and number of satellites. An optimal LEO constellation was designed using the BDS-3 satellite as the monitoring object, and the monitoring capability of the LEO constellation was verified based on 30 tracking stations of the iGMAS system. The results show that the monitoring performance of the designed LEO constellation is superior to that of the iGMAS system with 30 tracking stations. The LEO constellation can achieve at least 6-fold of coverage over the entire arc of the BDS satellite with the minimum number of LEO satellites, with a good and stable geometric layout, which helps to improve the orbit determination accuracy of the BDS system and provide high-quality observation data for monitoring and evaluating the operating status and service performance of the BDS system.

LEO  /  Walker constellations  /  Monitoring coverage factor  /  SPDOP  /  Space-based monitoring  /  BDS orbit determination accuracy  /  Constellation optimization
Kai WANG, Dong LI, Weiguang GAO, Wei ZHENG, Xiaoli SONG, Wenhai JIAO, Changjiang GENG. Design of LEO Satellite Constellation for Space-Based Monitoring[J]. Journal of Telemetry, Tracking and Command, 2025 , 46 (5) : 10 -19 . DOI: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20250618002
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Year 2025 volume 46 Issue 5
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Article Info
doi: 10.12347/j.ycyk.20250618002
  • Receive Date：2025-06-18
  • Online Date：2026-03-13
  • Published：2025-09-15
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2025-06-18
  • Revised：2025-07-16
Funding
Affiliations
    1.College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
    2.Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing 100094, China
    3.National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Spatial Information, Beijing 100094, China
    4.Beijing Research Institute of Telemetry, Beijing 100094, China
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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