In the field of aerospace tracking, telemetry, and command (TT&C) communications, the capability for precise telemetry, telecommand, and data transmission is a critical technology ensuring reliable spacecraft operations. As the complexity of space missions continues to escalate and the TT&C communication environment becomes increasingly demanding, higher requirements are imposed on the reliability of communication links in TT&C systems. Polar codes, as a short-frame burst coding scheme with high reliability, low complexity, and superior coding gain, yet exhibit high sensitivity to carrier frequency offset errors. Addressing the dual high demands for reliability and synchronization accuracy in TT&C systems, this paper proposes a Polar code-aided frequency offset estimation (PCAFOE) algorithm. Compared with the traditional carrier synchronization algorithm, PCAFOE algorithm is demonstrated with higher estimation accuracy, which is able to effectively improve the carrier synchronization performance of TT&C communication systems, and provides effective technical support for next-generation aerospace TT&C systems.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |