Full
Outline
The intestine， as the organ responsible for food digestion and nutrient absorption within the body， its structural and functional integrity is of critical importance for health maintainance. The brush border is an essential intestinal structure that， through its highly ordered array of microvilli， greatly expands the absorptive surface area and plays a central role in mediating nutrient transport， maintaining epithelial homeostasis， and forming a physical barrier defense. A clear understanding of the brush border’s microstructure is of great value for both basic and clinical research related to intestinal function. This article systematically reviews the structural components of the brush border and the ultrastructure of microvilli， with a focus on the actin core bundles within microvilli； the cross-linking roles of bundling proteins such as Fimbrin， Villin， and Espin-1； the mechanical stabilization and dynamic regulation provided by the terminal web through proteins including Calmodulin， Spectrin， and Myosin； and the regulatory function of the intermicrovillar adhesion complex in the ordered assembly of microvilli. By offering a systematic overview of microvillar architecture and functional proteins， this work provides an important theoretical basis for deep understanding the assembly and regulatory mechanisms of small-intestinal microvilli and their targeted modulation in intestinal diseases.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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