This study aimed to explore the differences in epididymal histological characteristics and gene expression profiles of Angora rabbits in spring，summer and autumn.Twelve 1-year-old male Angora rabbits with healthy body conditions and normal reproductive functions were chosen. Epididymal tissues of 4 Angora rabbits were collected in spring （no heat stress）， summer （intense heat stress） and autumn （no heat stress），respectively. The histological differences of the epididymis in different seasons were compared through HE staining，and the transcriptome profiles of the epididymis tissues in different seasons were analyzed using RNA-Seq technology. Histological analysis revealed that， compared with spring，heat stress in summer resulted in atrophy of the epididymal duct，disorganized arrangement of epithelial cells，and absence of sperm. In contrast，the epididymal morphology recovered in autumn，resembling that of spring，and exhibited an abundance of sperm. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a total of 1 133 differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were detected in the epididymal tissue between spring and summer，910 DEGs were detected between summer and autumn，while only 36 DEGs were detected between autumn and spring. Among them，the expression trends of 535 DEGs were opposite in spring/summer and summer/autumn groups，and their expression levels recovered in autumn and were similar to those in spring，which were consistent with the histological results of the epididymis. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs in epididymal tissue between spring and summer were mainly enriched in biological processes including immune response，response to external stimulus，sperm motility，flagellated sperm motility，epithelial cell apoptotic process，and programmed cell death，and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway. DEGs in the epididymis tissue from summer and autumn were significantly enriched in biological processes including immune response，response to external stimuli，positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility，sperm motility，and negative regulation of cell death，as well as TNF，Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation，Th17 cell differentiation，and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways. Analysis of gene expression trends indicated that the highly-expressed genes in summer，including 449 differentially expressed genes with opposite expression trends between spring/summer and summer/autumn，mainly enriched in immune responses，response to external stimulus，regulation of programmed cell death and regulation of apoptotic process. The low-expression genes in summer are mainly enriched in collagen fibril organization and amino acid transport. In conclusion， heat stress during summer damaged epididymis tissue structure and changed expression profiles of genes related to reproduction，immunity and apoptosis in Angora rabbits，which recovered to normal levels in autumn. This study provided an important theoretical basis for a in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism of“summer infertility”in rabbits.