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The aim of this study was to investigate the differential expression of genes in the blood of Yili horses before and after the 5 000 m race， and the correlation between cardiac parameters and the differentially expressed genes. Six elite Yili horses， which were among the top 8 horses in the 5 000 m speed race at the national level， were selected for the study. Echocardiograms were collected from the resting state of the horses before the 5 000 m speed race and the blood of the horses before and after the race by using the Myriad M6 Veterinary Portable Color Doppler Ultrasound System， which was used for transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that： 1） A total of 889 differentially expressed genes were screened， including 751 up-regulated genes and 138 down-regulated genes.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the biological processes of cellular response to stimuli and immune regulation， as well as the MAPK and Jak-STAT signaling pathways involved in cellular immune response and inflammation. 2） CCL3， CSF1， CSF3， IFNG， IL4， IL10 were screened as key genes. In the correlation between the post-competition expression of key genes and cardiac structural indexes， CCL3 was extremely significantly positively correlated with PADs （P<0.01）， significantly positively correlated with LVIDd （P<0.05）， and significantly negatively correlated with RWTd （P<0.05）， CSF1 was extremely significantly positively correlated with PADd （P<0.01）， significantly negatively correlated with RWTd （P<0.05），CSF3 was significantly negatively correlated with IVSd and EDV （P<0.05）， IFNG was significantly positively correlated with PADd （P<0.05）， significantly negatively correlated with IVSd， MWTd， and RWTd （P<0.05）， IL10 was extremely significantly positively correlated with LVLD （P<0.01）， significantly positively correlated with MVD （P<0.05）， and significantly negatively correlated with EDV （P<0.05）. In the correlation between the post-race expression of key genes and cardiac function indexes， CSF3 was significantly negatively correlated with SV， SI， CI， and VTI （P<0.05）， IFNG was significantly negatively correlated with SI （P<0.05）， and IL10 was significantly negatively correlated with CO， CI， and VTI （P<0.05）. Moreover， CSF1 and IFNG post-race expression were significantly negatively correlated with the 5 000 m exercise performance of Yili horses （P<0.05）. Cardiac indexes and CCL3， CSF3， IL4， IL10 regulatory mechanisms play important roles in the 5 000 m race of Yili horses， and the expression levels of CSF1 and IFNG can be used as candidate genes to assess the athletic performance of Yili horses.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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