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Outline
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the early warning model for metritis in dairy cows established by electronic nose detection. The detection of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in feces and blood samples of 50 healthy dairy cows and 22 metritis cows before onset by electronic nose， preliminary analysis of data by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） model. The training set and test set were divided according to 7∶3， the early warning model was established and the performance of the electronic nose in predicting metritis was evaluated. The results showed that， the feces and blood of healthy and metritis dairy cows were clearly distinguished and clustered respectively. In this study feces are the best sample source for establishing an early warning model. Five different machine learning algorithms， namely decision tree （DT）， random forest （RF）， K-nearest neighbors （KNN）， eXtreme gradient boosting （XGBoost）， and linear discriminant analysis （LDA）， were used to build models. Predictive efficiency is analyzed in conjunction with model evaluation metrics and receiver operating characteristic curves （ROC）. It was found that the test set accuracy （ACC） reached 0.88、0.96、0.88、0.91、0.98. Area under curve （AUC） was 0.86、0.98、0.95、0.98 and 1.00. As a result， the RF and LDA models perform the best in terms of predictive performance. The electronic nose has a high accuracy in predicting the occurrence of uterine infections. In conclusion， the detection of fecal VOCs of dairy cows before onset by electronic nose can achieve the purpose of early warning of metritis inflammation and has a great application prospect in the early diagnosis of dairy cow diseases.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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