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This study aimed to explore the extraction method of saponins from the stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng （PN） and investigate its effects on the growth performance， diarrhea index and intestinal health of piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. Single-factor experiments were conducted and ultrasonic extraction method was used to optimize the extraction conditions of total saponins from Panax notoginseng stems and leaves， such as ultrasonic time， liquid-to-solid ratio， and ethanol volume fraction. The experiment selected 24 “Duroc × Landrace × Large White” piglets with an initial body weight of （7.13±0.74） kg. The piglets were randomly divided into a control group （basic diet）， an LPS group （basic diet）， a DEX （dexamethasone） + LPS group （basic diet） and a PN + LPS group （basic diet + 0.4% Panax notoginseng stem and leaf extract）， with six piglets in each group. On the 28th day of the experiment， serum， colon tissue and colon chyme samples were collected from piglets to test serum biochemical and colon inflammation-related indicators， the composition of colon microbiota were analyzed and colon tissue morphology were observed. The results showed as follows： 1） The extraction yield of total saponins was the highest at solid-liquid ratio of 1∶25（g∶mL）， ultrasonic time of 1.5 h and ethanol volume fraction of 60%. 2） Compared with the LPS group， the feed intake of piglets in PN treatment was significantly increased （P<0.05）， and the diarrhea index was decreased （P=0.06）. 3） Supplementation of PN can effectively improve the morphology of colon tissue induced by LPS and prevent mucosal injury； 4） PN pre-feeding reduced the abundance of Prevotella_9 in the colon of piglets challenged with LPS （P<0.05）. 5） PN treatment could promote the expression of IL-4 at mRNA level （P<0.05） and reduce the expression of TNF-α at mRNA level （P<0.05）. In summary， add 0.4% PN in dietary can improve the growth performance of piglets， alleviate the damage of intestinal morphology caused by LPS， regulate intestinal microorganisms and alleviate intestinal inflammation， thereby improving the diarrhea of piglets.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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