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Outline
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis （KC） in combination with different lactic acid bacterias on the quality and active effects of fermented Astragalus. In which the different lactic acid bacterias inludes Lactobacillus acidophilus （SS）， Lactobacillus rohitaensis （LY）， Lactobacillus plantarum （ZW）， and Streptococcus alactolyticus （FGM）. Four kinds of fermented Astragalus were prepared by the mixed probiotics （SS+KC， LY+KC， ZW+KC， and FGM+KC）， respectively. The negative control group （UNF） was the same preparation process with fermented Astragalus， but no probiotics. The quality of 4 fermented products was evaluated by measuring general physicochemical indicators （pH， ethanol content）， characteristic physicochemical indicators （total acid， organic acid， crude polysaccharide content）， total flavonoids， total saponins， total polyphenols， aflatoxin B1 （AFB1）， and deoxynivalenol （DON） content. HD11 cells were stimulated with different concentrations of 4 fermented products and UNF samples， respectively， and the cell proliferation activity was determined by the CCK8 method， and the phagocytic ability and cytokine expression were determined by immunofluorescence and ELISA methods. The results showed that the general physicochemical indicators and characteristic physicochemical indicators of LY+KC group， FGM+KC group， and ZW+KC group all met the requirements of plant enzyme （QB/T5323-2018）. Compared with UNF group， the total saponin content of LY+KC group was significantly reduced （P<0.05）， and the total flavonoid and total saponin contents of FGM+KC group and ZW+KC group were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with UNF group， the AFB1 and DON contents of FGM+KC group， ZW+KC group， and LY+KC group were significantly reduced （P<0.05）. At the concentration of 10 µg·mL-1， four kinds of fermented Astragalus could promote the viability of HD11 cells， which was determined as the subsequent working concentration. After treated with ZW+KC and FGM+KC fermented Astragalus， the phagocytosis capacity and the expression of pro-inflammatory factors （IL-1β and IL-12） in HD11 cells were significantly higher than those in CON， UNF， SS+KC and LY+KC groups （P<0.05）. In conclusion， the selection of probitics is closely related to the quality and activity of fermented Astragalus. Among them， Astragalus membranaceus fermented by Bacillus subtilis combined with Lactobacillus plantarum or Streptococcus alactolyticus FGM has better quality， which can increase the content of total flavonoids and total saponins， degrade AFB1 and DON， and improve the function of HD11 cells.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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