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This study aimed to investigate the differences in intestinal microbial diversity among Chuanxiang Black pigs， Berkshire pigs， and Duroc pigs using 16S rRNA sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis. When the body weight of the pigs reached 120 kg， Chuanxiang Black pigs， Berkshire pigs， and Duroc pigs were slaughtered， and rectal fecal samples were collected from each breed. The intestinal microbial diversity of the different pig breeds was then analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing technology and bioinformatics approaches. The results demonstrated that the microbial diversity of Berkshire pigs was significantly lower than that of Chuanxiang Black pigs and Duroc pigs （P<0.05）， and the microbial community structures among the 3 pig breeds showed significant differences （P<0.05）. At the phylum level， the abundance of Firmicutes in Chuanxiang Black pigs was significantly lower than that in Berkshire pigs （P<0.05）， while the abundance of Bacteroidota in both Chuanxiang Black pigs and Duroc pigs was significantly higher than that in Berkshire pigs （P<0.05）. At the genus level， the abundance of Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group in Chuanxiang Black pigs and Duroc pigs was significantly higher than that in Berkshire pigs （P<0.05）. The abundances of Prevotella and Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group in Chuanxiang Black pigs were significantly higher than those in Duroc pigs and Berkshire pigs （P<0.05）， while the abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 in both Duroc pigs and Berkshire pigs was significantly higher than that in Chuanxiang Black pigs （P<0.05）. LEfSe analysis showed that there were 14， 7， and 1 differential microorganisms in Chuanxiang Black pigs， Berkshire pigs， and Duroc pigs at the genus level， respectively. Functional prediction results showed that pathways related to amino acid metabolism were significantly enriched in the microbial community of Chuanxiang Black pigs， pathways related to pyruvate metabolism and others were significantly enriched in Berkshire pigs， and pathways related to protein transport and others were significantly enriched in Duroc pigs. In conclusion， there are significant differences in the composition and function of intestinal microbiota among Chuanxiang Black pigs， Berkshire pigs， and Duroc pigs. These differences may affect the host's nutritional metabolism， energy utilization， immune regulation， and other functions.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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