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Outline
Arsenopyrite (Apy) and chlorite (Chl) are abundant sulfide or altered minerals in hydrothermal gold deposits, which been widely used in the inversion of the physical chemical conditions of gold mineralization. The Jinshan gold deposit in Gansu Province is located in the Xiahe-Xihe-Fengxian-Huangbaiyuan metallogenic sub-belt in the eastern section of the West Qinling metallogenic belt, with superior mineralization conditions, characterized by the development of multiple generations of arsenopyrite and chlorite. In this study, we take the various types of arsenopyrite and chlorite in ore samples from the Jinshan gold deposit as the research object. Based on the division of the three mineralization stages in Jinshan Gold deposit, using electron probes to determine the major elemental composition of Apy (Apy-Ⅱ～Apy-Ⅲ) and Chl (Chl-Ⅰ～Chl-Ⅲ) at each stage, dividing the chemical types of Chl-Ⅰ～Chl-Ⅲ, calculating the formation temperature, oxygen fugacity (lgfO2), sulfur fugacity (lgfS2), and pH value of Chl-Ⅰ～Chl-Ⅲ and Apy-Ⅱ～Apy-Ⅲ. Furthermore, analyzing the formation environment and physicochemical conditions of Apy and Chl at each stage, and exploring the gold mineralization mechanism of the Jinshan gold deposit. The results indicate that the diagenetic shallow metamorphic stage of Chl-I exhibits characteristics of low temperature, low lgfO2, and low lgfS2. During the hydrothermal mineralization stage, the temperature, lgfO2, lgfS2, and pH values of Chl-Ⅱ and Apy-Ⅱ significantly increased compared to stage I, indicating the loss of a large amounts of acidic components such as CO2 in Stage II, it is speculated that there was strong fluid mixing and boiling during the hydrothermal mineralization stage. Subsequently, during the hydrothermal mineralization stages Ⅱ～Ⅲ, boiling causes a significant decrease in temperature, pressure, and S content in the fluid, promoting large-scale precipitation of Au in the form of natural gold, thereby promoting the large-scale precipitation of Au in the form of natural gold. Meanwhile, under low sulfur fugacity and neutral pH value conditions, a large amount of invisible gold was formed in arsenopyrite as Au-As like substances.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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