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Research on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Characteristics of Site Soil at Tongwan City
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Zhiyi WU1, 2, 3, Wanli XIE1, 2, 3, *, Xinyu LI1, 2, 3, Shengjie DI4, Xiaoliang HE4, Chunping ZHANG5
Northwestern Geology | 2026, 59(2) : 180 - 191
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Northwestern Geology | 2026, 59(2): 180-191
Research on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Characteristics of Site Soil at Tongwan City
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Zhiyi WU1, 2, 3, Wanli XIE1, 2, 3, *, Xinyu LI1, 2, 3, Shengjie DI4, Xiaoliang HE4, Chunping ZHANG5
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Continental Evolution and Early Life, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shannxi, China
  • 2Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shannxi, China
  • 3Xi'an Key Lab of Prevention of Loess Dynamic Disaster and Restoration of Environment, Xi'an 710069, Shannxi, China
  • 4Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an 710065, Shannxi, China
  • 5China Building Materials Industrial Construction Xi'an Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an 710065, Shannxi, China
Published: 2026-04-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025050
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Tongwan City, which is located in Jingbian, Yulin, Shaanxi Province, is the only Xiongnu city site in China, carrying rich historical culture and scientific value. Despite over 1,600 years of weathering and freeze-thaw cycles, the heritage site has been preserved to this day. Therefore, it is important to study the material composition, mechanical properties and microstructure of the site soil for the restoration of heritage site. Taking the site soil at Tongwan City as the research object, this study conducted laboratory tests on physical and mechanical properties, X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray fluorescence(XRF) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and computed tomography (CT) scanning to analyze the macro and micro characteristics of the site soil. Based on the above research, some conclusions are as follows. ① The primary mineral components of the site soil include quartz, feldspar, calcite and dolomite, and its calcium ion content is significantly higher than the surrounding soil samples, this indicates that lime material was intentionally added during the construction of Tongwan City. ② Compared with undisturbed loess in the surrounding area, the site soil has higher shear strength and low compressibility, the shear curve exhibits distinct brittle failure deformation characteristics, and the compression coefficient is smaller. ③ Microstructural analysis reveal that face-to-face contacts dominate the particle interactions in the site soil. Calcium carbonate cement interweaves densely among particles, adhering to particle surfaces and bridging interparticle spaces, which reduces the proportion of macropores, enhances particle interconnections, and increases the overall density of the soil structure.

Tongwan City  /  earthen sites  /  mechanical properties  /  microstructure
吴至怡, 谢婉丽, 李欣雨, 狄圣杰, 何小亮, 张春平. 统万城遗址土力学性能及微观结构特征研究. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (2) : 180 -191 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025050
Zhiyi WU, Wanli XIE, Xinyu LI, Shengjie DI, Xiaoliang HE, Chunping ZHANG. Research on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Characteristics of Site Soil at Tongwan City[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (2) : 180 -191 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025050
Appendix
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Year 2026 volume 59 Issue 2
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Article Info
doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025050
  • Receive Date：2024-08-26
  • Online Date：2026-09-16
  • Published：2026-04-20
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2024-08-26
  • Revised：2025-02-27
  • Accepted：2025-03-26
Affiliations
    1State Key Laboratory of Continental Evolution and Early Life, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shannxi, China
    2Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shannxi, China
    3Xi'an Key Lab of Prevention of Loess Dynamic Disaster and Restoration of Environment, Xi'an 710069, Shannxi, China
    4Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an 710065, Shannxi, China
    5China Building Materials Industrial Construction Xi'an Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an 710065, Shannxi, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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